Optimization of AZ31 magnesium alloy laser beam welding parameters based on process efficiency calculation by finite element method and joint mechanical properties

The AZ31B magnesium alloy 3.3-mm-thick sheets optimal welding condition was investigated. A three-dimensional, semistationary finite element thermal model was developed. It allowed the estimation of energy parameters like the absorbed power and the melting and welding efficiencies. The numerical model was calibrated comparing weld bead morphological parameters obtained from experiments and numerical model. The desirability function approach was used for the optimization of multiple responses both in terms of energy parameters and mechanical properties. The optimal condition was represented by the lower heat input given to the joint.