Public–private partnership implementation: cross-case analysis

The objective of this study was to investigate and analyse how public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been adopted across the world and their characteristics, both in developed and developing countries. This will provide insights that are expected to facilitate better practices in future PPPs in general, and consequently could be very useful for practitioners who want to improve the models currently used and those approaching PPP for the first time. This study uses a multiple case comparison methodology. With a focus on exploring how PPPs are implemented across the world, 33 case studies of PPP projects from various countries and sectors examine three of the most important aspects characterising a PPP transaction: the risk transfer to the private partner, the use of private financing, and the use of private expertise and management skills. Observations from case studies show that both developing and developed countries have almost the same behaviour in terms of risk transfer to the private party and use of private expertise and management skills in PPP projects, while different behaviour is evident for the use of private financing, which is much higher in developed countries than in developing countries