False data injection attacks and countermeasures for wide area measurement system

In this chapter, the authors extended the existing FDIAs on DC or AC model to a more generalized framework, where perfect and imperfect attacks are included. The vulnerability of SE under this generalized framework was investigated through the analysis of the tradeoff between attack magnitude and the attack error. To detect FDIAs, a measurement consistency check-based index is proposed. This index is defined by the measurement difference between received measurements and the interpolated measurements that are calculated through a small number of selected secure alternative PMU measurements. This index works well even when BD and FDIAs occur simultaneously. Simulation results on IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus test systems validated the effectiveness of the proposed method. With the development of WAMS, the proposed method could be a good candidate to mitigate the effects of cyber security on power system SE and measurements-based applications.