Novel Synchronous Brain Computer Interface Based on 2-D EEG Local Binary Patterning

This paper proposes the design and the validation through in-vivo measurements, of an innovative machine learning (ML) approach for a synchronous Brain Computer Interface (BCI). The here-proposed system analyzes EEG signals from 8 wireless smart electrodes, placed in motor, and sensory-motor cortex area. For its functioning, the BCI exploits a specific brain activity patterns (BAP) elicited during the measurements by using clinical-inspired stimulation protocol that is suitable for the evocation of the Movement-Related Cortical Potentials (MRCPs). The proposed BCI analyzes the EEGs through symbolization-based algorithm: the Local Binary Patterning, which – due to its end-to-end binary nature - strongly reduces the computational complexity of the features extraction (FE) and real-time classification stages. As last step, the user intentions discrimination is entrusted to a weighted Support Vector Machine (wSVM) with linear kernel. The data have been collected from 3 subjects (aged 26 ± 1), creating an overall dataset that consists of 391 ± 106 observations per participant. The in-vivo real-time validation showed an intention recognition accuracy of 85.61 ± 1.19%. The overall computing chain requests, on average, just 3 ms beyond the storage time.