Context. Cosmic rays (CRs) can be studied through the galaxy-wide gamma-ray emission that they generate when propagating in the interstellar medium. The comparison of the diffuse signals from different systems may inform us about the key parameters in CR acceleration and transport. Aims. We aim to determine and compare the properties of the cosmic-ray-induced gamma-ray emission of several Local Group galaxies. Methods. We use 2 years of nearly continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to search for gamma-ray emission from M31 and M33. We compare the results with those for the Large Magellanic Cloud, the Small Magellanic Cloud, the Milky Way, and the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253. Results. We detect a gamma-ray signal at 5 sigma significance in the energy range 200 MeV-20 GeV that is consistent with originating from M31. The integral photon flux above 100 MeV amounts to (9.1 +/- 1.9(stat) +/- 1.0(sys)) x 10(-9) ph cm(-2) s(-1). We find no evidence for emission from M33 and derive an upper limit on the photon flux > 100 MeV of 5.1 x 10(-9) ph cm(-2) s(-1) (2 sigma). Comparing these results to the properties of other Local Group galaxies, we find indications of a correlation between star formation rate and gamma-ray luminosity that also holds for the starburst galaxies. Conclusions. The gamma-ray luminosity of M31 is about half that of the Milky Way, which implies that the ratio between the average CR densities in M31 and the Milky Way amounts to xi = 0.35 +/- 0.25. The observed correlation between gamma-ray luminosity and star formation rate suggests that the flux of M33 is not far below the current upper limit from the LAT observations.
Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of Local Group galaxies: detection of M31 and search for M33 RID G-6769-2011 / Abdo, Aa; Ackermann, M; Ajello, M; Allafort, A; Atwood, Wb; Baldini, L; Ballet, J; Barbiellini, G; Bastieri, D; Bechtol, K; Bellazzini, R; Berenji, B; Blandford, Rd; Bloom, Ed; Bonamente, E; Borgland, Aw; Bouvier, A; Brandt, Tj; Bregeon, J; Brigida, M; Bruel, P; Buehler, R; Burnett, Th; Buson, S; Caliandro, Ga; Cameron, Ra; Cannon, A; Caraveo, Pa; Casandjian, Jm; Cecchi, C; Celik, O; Charles, E; Chekhtman, A; Chiang, J; Ciprini, S; Claus, R; Cohen Tanugi, J; Conrad, J; Dermer, Cd; de Angelis, A; de Palma, F; Digel, Sw; Silva, Ede; Drell, Ps; Drlica Wagner, A; Dubois, R; Favuzzi, Cecilia; Fegan, Sj; Fortin, P; Frailis, M; Fukazawa, Y; Funk, S; Fusco, P; Gargano, F; Germani, S; Giglietto, Nicola; Giordano, F; Giroletti, M; Glanzman, T; Godfrey, G; Grenier, Ia; Grondin, Mh; Guiriec, S; Gustafsson, M; Hadasch, D; Harding, Ak; Hayashi, K; Hayashida, M; Hays, E; Healey, Se; Jean, P; Johannesson, G; Johnson, As; Johnson, Rp; Johnson, Tj; Kamae, T; Katagiri, H; Kataoka, J; Kerr, M; Knodlseder, J; Kuss, M; Lande, J; Latronico, L; Lee, Sh; Lemoine Goumard, M; Longo, F; Loparco, F; Lott, B; Lovellette, Mn; Lubrano, P; Madejski, Gm; Makeev, A; Martin, P; Mazziotta, Mn; Mehault, J; Michelson, Pf; Mitthumsiri, W; Mizuno, T; Moiseev, Aa; Monte, C; Monzani, Me; Morselli, A; Moskalenko, Iv; Murgia, S; Naumann Godo, M; Nolan, Pl; Norris, Jp; Nuss, E; Ohsugi, T; Okumura, A; Omodei, N; Orlando, E; Ormes, Jf; Ozaki, M; Paneque, D; Panetta, Jh; Parent, D; Pepe, M; Persic, M; Pesce Rollins, M; Piron, F; Porter, Ta; Raino, S; Rando, R; Razzano, M; Reimer, A; Reimer, O; Ritz, S; Romani, Rw; Sadrozinski, Hfw; Parkinson, Pms; Sgro, C; Siskind, Ej; Smith, Da; Smith, Pd; Spandre, G; Spinelli, P; Strickman, Ms; Strigari, L; Strong, Aw; Suson, Dj; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, T; Tanaka, T; Thayer, Jb; Thompson, Dj; Tibaldo, L; Torres, Df; Tosti, G; Tramacere, A; Uchiyama, Y; Usher, Tl; Vandenbroucke, J; Vianello, G; Vilchez, N; Vitale, V; Waite, Ap; Wang, P; Winer, Bl; Wood, Ks; Yang, Z; Ziegler, M.. - In: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS. - ISSN 0004-6361. - STAMPA. - 523:(2010). [10.1051/0004-6361/201015759]
Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of Local Group galaxies: detection of M31 and search for M33 RID G-6769-2011
FAVUZZI, Cecilia;GIGLIETTO, Nicola;
2010-01-01
Abstract
Context. Cosmic rays (CRs) can be studied through the galaxy-wide gamma-ray emission that they generate when propagating in the interstellar medium. The comparison of the diffuse signals from different systems may inform us about the key parameters in CR acceleration and transport. Aims. We aim to determine and compare the properties of the cosmic-ray-induced gamma-ray emission of several Local Group galaxies. Methods. We use 2 years of nearly continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to search for gamma-ray emission from M31 and M33. We compare the results with those for the Large Magellanic Cloud, the Small Magellanic Cloud, the Milky Way, and the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253. Results. We detect a gamma-ray signal at 5 sigma significance in the energy range 200 MeV-20 GeV that is consistent with originating from M31. The integral photon flux above 100 MeV amounts to (9.1 +/- 1.9(stat) +/- 1.0(sys)) x 10(-9) ph cm(-2) s(-1). We find no evidence for emission from M33 and derive an upper limit on the photon flux > 100 MeV of 5.1 x 10(-9) ph cm(-2) s(-1) (2 sigma). Comparing these results to the properties of other Local Group galaxies, we find indications of a correlation between star formation rate and gamma-ray luminosity that also holds for the starburst galaxies. Conclusions. The gamma-ray luminosity of M31 is about half that of the Milky Way, which implies that the ratio between the average CR densities in M31 and the Milky Way amounts to xi = 0.35 +/- 0.25. The observed correlation between gamma-ray luminosity and star formation rate suggests that the flux of M33 is not far below the current upper limit from the LAT observations.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
