The work elevates the construction story of the Basilica of San Venanzio in Camerino to a paradigm, a densely stratified monument confined to the hinterland of the Papal State, which had the misfortune of being built in a place with high seismic hazard and which, due to the earthquake of 1799, saw its destiny suddenly change with the upheaval of a physiognomy painstakingly conquered over time, dramatically challenged with the neoclassical reconstruction and the involvement of leading figures in an operation that had a wide national resonance. Although the Basilica lives in a context of geographical marginalization that is not very conducive to engaging in the privileged channels of cultural and artistic exchanges between more advanced political centers and better connected territorially, it is exemplarily significant for grasping the dialectic over time between innovative interventions and pre-existing structures, constantly conditioned and in an always different way from the continuous change of taste, sensitivity, artistic culture. It is a centuries-old affair that changed the original medieval facies in the fifteenth century, when the building was embellished with additions and embellishments especially on the facade, then between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when it was decided to reinvent the internal space by modifying the overall image, finally in the 19th century, when the determination was made to renovate the church in harmony with the neoclassical climate that the academic world had brought about. The central nucleus of this work revolves around the last major transformation imposed on the basilica after the disastrous earthquake of 1799 which had undermined the stability of an apparently solid and safe factory. The dominant image of the church dates back to the radical renovation undertaken between 1836 and 1875, based on a design by Luigi Poletti from Modena under the pretext of the worrying crack pattern caused by the seismic event of 1799 and aggravated by the demolition planned in 1803 whose sudden interruption safeguarded the ancient facade from the demolition intent. The start of the slow and difficult construction site directed by Luigi Poletti discounts the complications of a work followed at a distance because it was carried out at the same time as the reconstructions of the basilica of San Paolo outside the walls in Rome destroyed by the well-known fire which broke out in 1823 and of the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Assisi hit by the seismic swarm between 1831 and 1832. The study of the Polettian solution which follows the path of adapting the pre-existing buildings to neoclassical forms, pursuing a new spatiality inside the envelope marked by the medieval walls and a new figurative context outside, obtained by placing a Corinthian hexastyle pronaos on the façade remained unfinished, on the one hand, it offered the opportunity to evaluate the intervention by framing it in the cultural climate and in the nineteenth-century restoration criteria, on the other, it suggested an evaluation of the building read overall in its developments, through the study of the transformations for understand, over time, the changing relationship that the operators have established with the pre-existing structures. The criteria that animated the first failed attempts at reconstruction, the debated choice of the neoclassical pronaos, the unfortunate attempts to undermine the integrity of Poletti's project during the construction site itself, the controversies that re-emerged in the early twentieth century on the legitimacy of preserving the portico in front of the facade, have been interpreted trying to grasp the link between the contemporary dialectic of restoration and the debate sparked off in those years around the new configuration of the monument.

Il lavoro eleva a paradigma la vicenda costruttiva della Basilica di San Venanzio a Camerino, un monumento densamente stratificato confinato nell’entroterra dello Stato Pontificio, che ha avuto la sventura di essere costruito in un luogo ad elevata pericolosità sismica e che, a causa del terremoto del 1799, ha visto mutare improvvisamente il proprio destino con lo stravolgimento di una fisionomia faticosamente conquistata nel tempo, messa drammaticamente in discussione con la ricostruzione neoclassica e il coinvolgimento di protagonisti di primo piano in una operazione che ha avuto un’ampia risonanza nazionale. La Basilica, pur vivendo in un contesto di emarginazione geografica poco favorevole ad innestarsi nei canali privilegiati degli scambi culturali e artistici tra centri politici più avanzati e meglio collegati territorialmente, è esemplarmente significativa per cogliere nel tempo la dialettica tra interventi innovativi e preesistenze, costantemente condizionata e in maniera sempre diversa dal continuo mutare del gusto, della sensibilità, della cultura artistica. Si tratta di una vicenda plurisecolare che ha modificato l’originaria facies medievale nel Quattrocento, quando si impreziosisce la fabbrica con aggiunte e abbellimenti soprattutto in facciata, poi fra Cinque e Seicento quando si decide di reinventare la spazialità interna modificandone l’immagine complessiva, infine nell’Ottocento, quando si assume la determinazione di rinnovare la chiesa in sintonia con la temperie neoclassica di cui il mondo accademico si era fatto portatore. Il nucleo centrale di questo lavoro ruota proprio attorno all’ultima grande trasformazione imposta alla basilica dopo il disastroso terremoto del 1799 che aveva messo in crisi la stabilità di una fabbrica apparentemente solida e sicura. L’immagine dominante della chiesa risale infatti al radicale rinnovamento intrapreso tra il 1836 e il 1875, su disegno del modenese Luigi Poletti con il pretesto del preoccupante quadro fessurativo causato dall’evento sismico del 1799 ed aggravato dall’abbattimento programmato nel 1803 la cui improvvisa interruzione salvaguardò l’antica facciata dall’intento demolitore. L’avvio del lento e difficoltoso cantiere diretto da luigi Poletti sconta le complicazioni di un lavoro seguito a distanza perché condotto contemporaneamente alle ricostruzioni della basilica di San Paolo fuori le mura a Roma distrutta dal noto incendio divampato nel 1823 e della basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli ad Assisi colpita dallo sciame sismico fra il 1831 e il 1832. Lo studio della soluzione polettiana che segue la strada dell’adattamento delle preesistenze a forme neoclassiche, perseguendo all’interno una nuova spazialità costretta entro l’involucro segnato dai muri medievali e all’esterno un nuovo contesto figurativo ottenuto anteponendo alla facciata un pronao esastilo corinzio rimasto incompiuto, ha offerto da un lato, l’occasione per valutare l’intervento inquadrandolo nel clima culturale e nei criteri di restauro ottocenteschi, dall’altro, ha suggerito una valutazione della fabbrica letta complessivamente nei suoi sviluppi, attraverso lo studio delle trasformazioni per comprendere, nel tempo, il mutevole rapporto che gli operatori hanno instaurato con le preesistenze. I criteri che hanno animato i primi falliti tentativi di ricostruzione, la dibattuta scelta del pronao neoclassico, gli sfortunati tentativi di minare l’integrità del progetto polettiano durante lo svolgimento stesso del cantiere, le polemiche riemerse nei primi anni del XX secolo sulla liceità di conservare il portico anteposto alla facciata, sono stati interpretati cercando di cogliere il nesso tra la contemporanea dialettica del restauro e il dibattito innescato in quegli anni intorno alla nuova configurazione del monumento.

San Venanzio a Camerino. Firmitas e Venustas nella ricostruzione di Luigi Poletti (1836-1875) / De Cadilhac, Rossella. - STAMPA. - (2022), pp. 3-269.

San Venanzio a Camerino. Firmitas e Venustas nella ricostruzione di Luigi Poletti (1836-1875)

de Cadilhac Rossella
2022-01-01

Abstract

The work elevates the construction story of the Basilica of San Venanzio in Camerino to a paradigm, a densely stratified monument confined to the hinterland of the Papal State, which had the misfortune of being built in a place with high seismic hazard and which, due to the earthquake of 1799, saw its destiny suddenly change with the upheaval of a physiognomy painstakingly conquered over time, dramatically challenged with the neoclassical reconstruction and the involvement of leading figures in an operation that had a wide national resonance. Although the Basilica lives in a context of geographical marginalization that is not very conducive to engaging in the privileged channels of cultural and artistic exchanges between more advanced political centers and better connected territorially, it is exemplarily significant for grasping the dialectic over time between innovative interventions and pre-existing structures, constantly conditioned and in an always different way from the continuous change of taste, sensitivity, artistic culture. It is a centuries-old affair that changed the original medieval facies in the fifteenth century, when the building was embellished with additions and embellishments especially on the facade, then between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when it was decided to reinvent the internal space by modifying the overall image, finally in the 19th century, when the determination was made to renovate the church in harmony with the neoclassical climate that the academic world had brought about. The central nucleus of this work revolves around the last major transformation imposed on the basilica after the disastrous earthquake of 1799 which had undermined the stability of an apparently solid and safe factory. The dominant image of the church dates back to the radical renovation undertaken between 1836 and 1875, based on a design by Luigi Poletti from Modena under the pretext of the worrying crack pattern caused by the seismic event of 1799 and aggravated by the demolition planned in 1803 whose sudden interruption safeguarded the ancient facade from the demolition intent. The start of the slow and difficult construction site directed by Luigi Poletti discounts the complications of a work followed at a distance because it was carried out at the same time as the reconstructions of the basilica of San Paolo outside the walls in Rome destroyed by the well-known fire which broke out in 1823 and of the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Assisi hit by the seismic swarm between 1831 and 1832. The study of the Polettian solution which follows the path of adapting the pre-existing buildings to neoclassical forms, pursuing a new spatiality inside the envelope marked by the medieval walls and a new figurative context outside, obtained by placing a Corinthian hexastyle pronaos on the façade remained unfinished, on the one hand, it offered the opportunity to evaluate the intervention by framing it in the cultural climate and in the nineteenth-century restoration criteria, on the other, it suggested an evaluation of the building read overall in its developments, through the study of the transformations for understand, over time, the changing relationship that the operators have established with the pre-existing structures. The criteria that animated the first failed attempts at reconstruction, the debated choice of the neoclassical pronaos, the unfortunate attempts to undermine the integrity of Poletti's project during the construction site itself, the controversies that re-emerged in the early twentieth century on the legitimacy of preserving the portico in front of the facade, have been interpreted trying to grasp the link between the contemporary dialectic of restoration and the debate sparked off in those years around the new configuration of the monument.
2022
978-88-492-4584-4
Gangemi Editore
San Venanzio a Camerino. Firmitas e Venustas nella ricostruzione di Luigi Poletti (1836-1875) / De Cadilhac, Rossella. - STAMPA. - (2022), pp. 3-269.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11589/252780
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