Distribution Network Optimal Operation with Electric Vehicles

The envisaged diffusion of electric vehicles and of relevant charging points is posing significant challenges on electric power system operation, in order to ensure the provision of charge service without jeopardizing the network functionality. Therefore, the distribution system operator, dealing with increasing electric vehicle charging facility connections, is in charge of individuating the most appropriate ways for electric vehicle integration. In this research paper, a technical-oriented optimization procedure is carried out, considering distribution operator viewpoint in the presence of electric vehicle diffusion, exploring smart charging and vehicle-to-grid facilities to provide loss reduction while satisfying line loading and bus voltage targets. The procedure accounts for stochastic samples of realistic eletric vehicle charging requirements, in terms of time and energy demand, and includes a sensitivity-based network model in the framework of linear programming. The proposed approach is applied to a set of operating conditions of a real-sized MV radial network, inspecting the impact of different electromobility penetration levels and vehicle usages. The analysis points out the interactions of electrc vehicle smart charging and vehicle-to-grid processes on the network and among electric vehicles as well, individuating the possible formation of energy communities while dealing with distribution network operation.