Finite Element Study on Stability in the Femoral Neck and Head Connection to Varying Geometric Parameters with the Relates Implications on the Effect of Wear

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical procedure used to treat hip osteoarthritis and other joint conditions that cause pain and functional limitation. Traditionally, THA has been performed most often in elderly patients, but in recent years, there has been an increase in hip arthroplasties in young patients. Femoral prosthesis rupture is a rare but significant complication that can also occur in young patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Some of the factors that can contribute to femoral prosthesis ruptures include abnormal overload, defects in the design, lack of geometric fit, and type of materials used in the stem and femoral head connection. The aim of this study is to analyze the criticalities in the contact between the femoral head and the stem neck. In particular, two types of contacts will be taken into consideration: proximal and distal, and through the finite element method (FEA), the criticalities will be defined. The results show that in the proximal contact, the stress levels exceeded 500 MPa in certain areas of the prosthesis. This stress could potentially lead to structural failure, such as rupture or deformation of the prosthesis. In addition, to prevent bacterial infiltration or debris from the outside, the distal connection is recommended.