Optimal scheduling of active distribution networks with high penetration of plug-in electric vehicles and renewables using grasshopper optimization algorithm

With the development use of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) as small moving power plants, energy management of these types of power plants requires more researches. So, the charging and discharging capability of PHEVs can be used in active distribution networks (ADN). This paper suggests an optimal approach for charging and discharging scheduling of PEVs in the ADNs to minimize the operating costs of system. The influence of PEVs on the operating costs and some technical characteristics of system like power losses and voltage profile has been investigated under PEVs limits, distributed generation units. In this work, the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is applied to solve this complicated mixed-integer non-linear programming problem with the goal of minimizing the operating costs of the system and find the optimal solutions. In the end, an illustrative case study is provided to acknowledge the sufficiency and proficiency of the presented model by implementing it on the modified IEEE 69-bus system.