Optimizing Energy Storage Solutions for Grid Resilience: A Comprehensive Overview

The evolving energy landscape, driven by increasing demands and the growing integration of renewables, necessitates a dynamic adjustment of the energy grid. To enhance the grid’s resilience and accommodate the surging influx of green energy. Energy storage solutions have emerged as crucial components. Despite considerable research, there remains a notable gap in systematically assessing the suitability of different storage devices across diverse stationary applications. This review endeavors to bridge this gap by thoroughly examining the current landscape of energy storage and discerning its aptness for various grid support applications. Through an exploration of technical, economic, and environmental considerations, the study aims to elucidate the optimal storage technologies for different contexts. Among electrochemical storage options, lithium-ion batteries emerge as optimal choices for both low- and medium-scale applications, owing to their robust power and energy densities. Meanwhile, capacitors, supercapacitors, and superconductive magnetic energy storages exhibit promise for high-power demands within the electrical storage domain. Additionally, thermal energy storage presents a viable solution for seasonal and bulk energy requirements. This review suggests using a mix of technologies in hybrid solutions to better meet the unique needs of different applications.