Gap Analysis of Industry 5.0-Driven Product Lifecycle Management

The transition toward human-centric, resilient, and sustainable manufacturing is redefining the role of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems and the competencies required to implement them effectively. At the same time, the increasing integration of digital technologies—such as digital twin, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things—adds significant complexity to this transformation. As a result, the academic community has shown growing interest in identifying how PLM competences should evolve to support these emerging paradigms. However, clear research directions in this domain are still lacking. By applying a systematic literature review, this study proposes a strategic research agenda with six promising avenues: (1) Human-centric PLM for skill development and decision support; (2) Resilient PLM systems for disruption management; (3) Sustainable PLM and circular economy integration; (4) Digital twin and AI for intelligent PLM; (5) Interoperability and data governance in PLM; and (6) Scalability and adaptability of PLM in dynamic environments. These findings offer valuable insights to guide future academic work and support the development of PLM systems that are better aligned with the principles of Industry 5.0.