Exploring Augmented Reality Interaction Metaphors: Performance and Ergonomic Assessment using HoloLens 2 and RULA Method

The industrial revolutions driven by Industry 4.0 and 5.0 are transforming work practices with new tools like Augmented Reality (AR), which promise to boost productivity in industrial settings. This study introduces an AR application for the HoloLens 2 to evaluate three interaction metaphors - hand-ray, near, and gaze interaction - for moving virtual objects, focusing on accuracy and ergonomics. ErgoSentinel software provided real-time ergonomic analysis through RULA scores, and the NASA-TLX questionnaire assessed perceived workload. Results indicate that ray interaction is the most ergonomically favorable for long-distance tasks, reducing physical strain and enhancing comfort. Near interaction is precise for short-distance tasks but increases physical strain over long distances. Gaze interaction balances physical strain reduction with potential precision loss in long-distance tasks, imposing a higher cognitive load. This comprehensive analysis aids in optimizing AR applications for industrial use, promoting efficiency, safety, and worker well-being.