A GIS-HBIM Workflow for Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment of Public Buildings in Historic Urban Areas

The vulnerability and exposure of historic urban areas to natural multi-hazard scenarios represent a significant challenge for the management and protection of the built heritage, requiring integrated, multi-scale assessment approaches. In this context, the development of methodologies aimed at mapping urban and building risk factors is essential to provide public authorities, professionals, and stakeholders with tools to support decision making and planning activities for historic assets. This contribution presents an operational methodology for risk analysis and assessment of multiple hazard types (e.g. flood, earthquake and landslide), based on the correlation between territorial hazard indicators, developed at municipal and district scales, and vulnerability and exposure indicators from technical evaluations at building and component scales, through the integration of GIS environments and HBIM models. The supporting dataset draws on open-access, surveys, and archival data to ensure consistency across different urban contexts and building units. The results, discussed for a municipality in southern Italy, comprises: identification of dominant hazards and critical areas (macro-scale), risk mapping of building aggregates by a matrix framework combing hazard with typological, conservation, and use attributes for vulnerability and exposure evaluations toward prioritization of intervention strategies (meso-scale); parametric building modelling of critical assets for component-level vulnerability assessment (micro-scale), eventually feeding the district modelling and creating a unified three-dimensional environment. The final goal is to demonstrate the value of GIS-HBIM integration as a replicable decision-support tool for built heritage risk management and policy development in different urban contexts.