The effect of highly ionising particles on the CMS silicon strip tracker

Adam, W; Bergauer, T; Friedl, M; Fruehwirth, R; Hrubec, J; Krammer, M; Pernicka, M; Waltenberger, W; Beaumont, W; de Langhe, E; de Wolf, E; Tasevsky, M; Bouhali, O; Clerbaux, B; de Lentdecker, G; Dewulf, Jp; Neuckermans, L; Vander Velde, C; Vanlaer, P; Wickens, J; D'Hondt, J; Goorens, R; Heyninck, J; Lowette, S; Tavernier, S; Van Lancker, L; C, Yu; Assouak, S; Bonnet, Jl; Bruno, G; De Callatay, B; De Favereau de Jeneret, J; Delaere, C; De Visscher, S; Favart, D; Gregoire, G; Keutgen, T; Leibenguth, G; Lemaitre, V; Michotte, D; Militaru, O; Ninane, A; Ovyn, S; Piotrzkowski, K; Roberfroid, V; Rouby, X; Van Der Aa, O; Vander Donckt, M; Boulogne, I; Daubie, E; Defontaines, F; Herquet, P; Czellar, S; Harkonen, J; Karimaki, V; Katajisto, H; Linden, T; Luukka, P; Lampen, T; Maenpaa, T; Tuominen, E; Tuominiemi, J; Tuuva, T; Ageron, M; Chabanat, E; Contardo, D; Estre, N; Haroutunian, R; Lumb, N; Mirabito, L; Perries, S; Trocme, B; Blaes, R; Charles, F; Drouhin, F; Ernenwein, Jp; Fontaine, Jc; Berst, Jd; Brom, Jm; Didierjean, F; Goerlach, U; Gross, L; Juillot, P; Lounis, A; Maazouzi, C; Olivetto, C; Strub, R; Vanhove, P; Vintache, D; Adolphi, R; Brauer, R; Braunschweig, W; Esser, H; Feld, L; Heister, A; Karpinski, W; Klein, K; Konig, S; Kukulies, C; Olzem, J; Ostaptchouk, A; Pandoulas, D; Pierschel, G; Raupach, F; Schael, S; von Dratzig AS,; Schwering, G; Siedling, R; Thomas, M; Wlochal, M; Beissel, F; Boffin, Kd; Duda, M; Flossdorf, A; Flugge, G; Franke, T; Hangarter, K; Hegner, B; Hermanns, T; Kasselmann, S; Kress, T; Linn, A; Mnich, J; Nowack, A; Poettgens, M; Pooth, O; Reinhold, B; Bleyl, M; Holm, U; Klanner, R; Pein, U; Schleper, P; Schirm, N; Steinbruck, G; Stoye, M; Tesch, S; van Staa, R; Wick, K; Atz, B; Barvich, T; Blum, P; de Boer, W; Boegelspacher, F; Dirkes, G; Fahrer, M; Fernandez, J; Frey, M; Furgeri, A; Grigoriev, E; Hartmann, F; Heier, S; Muller, T; Ortega Gomez, T; Simonis, Hj; Steck, P; Theel, A; Weiler, T; Zhukov, V; Creanza, Donato Maria; DE FILIPPIS, Nicola; de Palma, M; De Robertis, G; Fiore, L; Giordano, D; Maggi, Giorgio Pietro; Mennea, M; S, My; Radicci, V; Selvaggi, G; Silvestris, L; Tempesta, P; Zito, G; Albergo, S; Bellini, V; Chiorboli, M; Costa, S; Potenza, R; Tricomi, A; Tuve, C; Bocci, A; Ciulli, V; Civinini, C; D'Alessandro, R; Focardi, E; Landi, G; Macchiolo, A; Magini, N; Mersi, S; Marchettini, C; Meschini, M; Paoletti, S; Parrini, G; Ranieri, R; Sani, M; Bacchetta, N; Bisello, D; Candelori, A; Dorigo, T; Giubilato, P; Kaminsky, A; Loreti, M; Nigro, M; Paccagnella, A; Rando, R; Angarano, Mm; Babucci, E; Benedetti, D; Biasini, M; Bilei, Gm; Brunetti, Mt; Checcucci, B; Dinu, N; Fano, L; Giorgi, M; Lariccia, P; Mantovani, G; Postolache, V; Puscalau, M; Ricci, D; Santinelli, R; Santocchia, A; Servoli, L; Zucchetti, C; Azzurri, P; Bagliesi, G; Basti, A; Bernardini, J; Boccali, T; Borrello, L; Bosi, F; Castaldi, R; D'Alfonso, M; Dell'Orso, R; Dutta, S; Foa, L; Gennai, S; Giammanco, A; Giassi, A; Lomtadze, T; Mangano, B; Messineo, A; Moggi, A; Palla, F; Palmonari, F; Raffaelli, F; Rizzi, A; Rizzi, D; Segneri, G; Sentenac, D; Sguazzoni, G; Spagnolo, P; Tonelli, G; Verdini, Pg; Biino, C; Costa, M; Demaria, N; Favro, G; Trapani, P; Peroni, C; Romero, A; Migliore, E; Abbaneo, D; Ahmed, F; Bartalini, P; Bernardino Rodriguez, N; Breuker, H; Buchmuller, O; Carrone, E; Cattai, A; Chierici, R; Cucciarelli, S; Dierlamm, A; Eppard, M; Frey, A; Gill, K; Grabit, R; Honma, A; Huhtinen, M; Magazzu, G; Mannelli, M; Marchioro, A; Onnela, A; Perea Solano, B; Petagna, P; Postema, H; Risoldi, M; Rolandi, G; Siegrist, P; Troska, I; Tsirou, A; Vasey, F; Weber, M; Wittmer, B; Bertl, W; Gabathuler, K; Horisberger, R; Kastli, Hc; Kotlinski, D; Macpherson, A; Rohe, T; Freudenreich, K; Lustermann, W; Pauss, F; Eichler, R; Erdmann, W; Grab, C; Schoning, A; Amsler, C; Chiochia, V; Dorokhov, A; Hormann, C; Pruys, H; Prokofiev, K; Regenfus, C; Robmann, P; Speer, T; Bell, Kw; Coughlan, J; French, M; Halsall, R; Jones, L; Pearson, M; Rogers, G; Tomalin, I; Bainbridge, R; Barrillon, P; Colling, D; Dris, S; Foudas, C; Fulcher, J; Hall, G; Iles, G; Jones, J; Leaver, J; Macevoy, Bc; Noy, M; Raymond, Dm; Takahashi, M; Zorba, O; Barnett, B; Chien, Cy; Kim, Dw; Liang, G; Swartz, M; Atac, M; Demarteau, M; Joshi, U; Kwan, S; Spiegel, L; Tkaczyk, S; Gerber, Ce; Shabalina, E; Ten, T; Lander, R; Pellett, D; Gobbi, B; Kubantsev, M; Malik, S; Tilden, R; Baringer, P; Bean, A; Christofek, L; Coppage, D; Bolton, Ta; Demina, R; Kahl, We; Khanov, A; Korjenevski, S; Pukhaeva, N; Reay, Nw; Rizatdinova, F; Sidwell, Ra; Stanton, Nr; Cremaldi, L; Sanders, D; Bartz, E; Doroshenko, J; Koeth, T; Perera, L; Schnetzer, S; Stone, R; Worm, S; Gartung, P; Hanson, Gg; Jeng, Gy; Paztor, G; Eusebi, R; Halkiadakis, E; Hocker, A; Tipton, P; Affolder, A; Campagnari, C; Hale, D; Incandela, J; Kyre, S; Lamb, J; Taylor, R; White, D; Bolla, G; Bortoletto, D; Garfinkel, A; Rott, C; Roy, A.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.049

Inelastic nuclear collisions of hadrons incident on silicon sensors can generate secondary highly ionising particles (HIPs) and deposit as much energy within the sensor bulk as several hundred minimum ionising particles. The large signals generated by these 'HIP events' can momentarily saturate the APV25 front-end readout chip for the silicon strip tracker (SST) sub-detector of the compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment, resulting in deadtime in the detector readout system. This paper presents studies of this phenomenon through simulation, laboratory measurements and dedicated beam tests. A proposed change to a front-end component to reduce the APV25 sensitivity to HIP events is also examined. The results are used to infer the expected effect on the performance of the CMS SST at the future large hadron collider. The induced inefficiencies are at the percent level and will have a negligible effect on the physics performance of the SST.

The effect of highly ionising particles on the CMS silicon strip tracker / Adam, W; Bergauer, T; Friedl, M; Fruehwirth, R; Hrubec, J; Krammer, M; Pernicka, M; Waltenberger, W; Beaumont, W; de Langhe, E; de Wolf, E; Tasevsky, M; Bouhali, O; Clerbaux, B; de Lentdecker, G; Dewulf, Jp; Neuckermans, L; Vander Velde, C; Vanlaer, P; Wickens, J; D'Hondt, J; Goorens, R; Heyninck, J; Lowette, S; Tavernier, S; Van Lancker, L; Yu, C; Assouak, S; Bonnet, Jl; Bruno, G; De Callatay, B; De Favereau de Jeneret, J; Delaere, C; De Visscher, S; Favart, D; Gregoire, G; Keutgen, T; Leibenguth, G; Lemaitre, V; Michotte, D; Militaru, O; Ninane, A; Ovyn, S; Piotrzkowski, K; Roberfroid, V; Rouby, X; Van Der Aa, O; Vander Donckt, M; Boulogne, I; Daubie, E; Defontaines, F; Herquet, P; Czellar, S; Harkonen, J; Karimaki, V; Katajisto, H; Linden, T; Luukka, P; Lampen, T; Maenpaa, T; Tuominen, E; Tuominiemi, J; Tuuva, T; Ageron, M; Chabanat, E; Contardo, D; Estre, N; Haroutunian, R; Lumb, N; Mirabito, L; Perries, S; Trocme, B; Blaes, R; Charles, F; Drouhin, F; Ernenwein, Jp; Fontaine, Jc; Berst, Jd; Brom, Jm; Didierjean, F; Goerlach, U; Gross, L; Juillot, P; Lounis, A; Maazouzi, C; Olivetto, C; Strub, R; Vanhove, P; Vintache, D; Adolphi, R; Brauer, R; Braunschweig, W; Esser, H; Feld, L; Heister, A; Karpinski, W; Klein, K; Konig, S; Kukulies, C; Olzem, J; Ostaptchouk, A; Pandoulas, D; Pierschel, G; Raupach, F; Schael, S; von Dratzig, As; Schwering, G; Siedling, R; Thomas, M; Wlochal, M; Beissel, F; Boffin, Kd; Duda, M; Flossdorf, A; Flugge, G; Franke, T; Hangarter, K; Hegner, B; Hermanns, T; Kasselmann, S; Kress, T; Linn, A; Mnich, J; Nowack, A; Poettgens, M; Pooth, O; Reinhold, B; Bleyl, M; Holm, U; Klanner, R; Pein, U; Schleper, P; Schirm, N; Steinbruck, G; Stoye, M; Tesch, S; van Staa, R; Wick, K; Atz, B; Barvich, T; Blum, P; de Boer, W; Boegelspacher, F; Dirkes, G; Fahrer, M; Fernandez, J; Frey, M; Furgeri, A; Grigoriev, E; Hartmann, F; Heier, S; Muller, T; Ortega Gomez, T; Simonis, Hj; Steck, P; Theel, A; Weiler, T; Zhukov, V; Creanza, Donato Maria; DE FILIPPIS, Nicola; de Palma, M; De Robertis, G; Fiore, L; Giordano, D; Maggi, Giorgio Pietro; Mennea, M; My, S; Radicci, V; Selvaggi, G; Silvestris, L; Tempesta, P; Zito, G; Albergo, S; Bellini, V; Chiorboli, M; Costa, S; Potenza, R; Tricomi, A; Tuve, C; Bocci, A; Ciulli, V; Civinini, C; D'Alessandro, R; Focardi, E; Landi, G; Macchiolo, A; Magini, N; Mersi, S; Marchettini, C; Meschini, M; Paoletti, S; Parrini, G; Ranieri, R; Sani, M; Bacchetta, N; Bisello, D; Candelori, A; Dorigo, T; Giubilato, P; Kaminsky, A; Loreti, M; Nigro, M; Paccagnella, A; Rando, R; Angarano, Mm; Babucci, E; Benedetti, D; Biasini, M; Bilei, Gm; Brunetti, Mt; Checcucci, B; Dinu, N; Fano, L; Giorgi, M; Lariccia, P; Mantovani, G; Postolache, V; Puscalau, M; Ricci, D; Santinelli, R; Santocchia, A; Servoli, L; Zucchetti, C; Azzurri, P; Bagliesi, G; Basti, A; Bernardini, J; Boccali, T; Borrello, L; Bosi, F; Castaldi, R; D'Alfonso, M; Dell'Orso, R; Dutta, S; Foa, L; Gennai, S; Giammanco, A; Giassi, A; Lomtadze, T; Mangano, B; Messineo, A; Moggi, A; Palla, F; Palmonari, F; Raffaelli, F; Rizzi, A; Rizzi, D; Segneri, G; Sentenac, D; Sguazzoni, G; Spagnolo, P; Tonelli, G; Verdini, Pg; Biino, C; Costa, M; Demaria, N; Favro, G; Trapani, P; Peroni, C; Romero, A; Migliore, E; Abbaneo, D; Ahmed, F; Bartalini, P; Bernardino Rodriguez, N; Breuker, H; Buchmuller, O; Carrone, E; Cattai, A; Chierici, R; Cucciarelli, S; Dierlamm, A; Eppard, M; Frey, A; Gill, K; Grabit, R; Honma, A; Huhtinen, M; Magazzu, G; Mannelli, M; Marchioro, A; Onnela, A; Perea Solano, B; Petagna, P; Postema, H; Risoldi, M; Rolandi, G; Siegrist, P; Troska, I; Tsirou, A; Vasey, F; Weber, M; Wittmer, B; Bertl, W; Gabathuler, K; Horisberger, R; Kastli, Hc; Kotlinski, D; Macpherson, A; Rohe, T; Freudenreich, K; Lustermann, W; Pauss, F; Eichler, R; Erdmann, W; Grab, C; Schoning, A; Amsler, C; Chiochia, V; Dorokhov, A; Hormann, C; Pruys, H; Prokofiev, K; Regenfus, C; Robmann, P; Speer, T; Bell, Kw; Coughlan, J; French, M; Halsall, R; Jones, L; Pearson, M; Rogers, G; Tomalin, I; Bainbridge, R; Barrillon, P; Colling, D; Dris, S; Foudas, C; Fulcher, J; Hall, G; Iles, G; Jones, J; Leaver, J; Macevoy, Bc; Noy, M; Raymond, Dm; Takahashi, M; Zorba, O; Barnett, B; Chien, Cy; Kim, Dw; Liang, G; Swartz, M; Atac, M; Demarteau, M; Joshi, U; Kwan, S; Spiegel, L; Tkaczyk, S; Gerber, Ce; Shabalina, E; Ten, T; Lander, R; Pellett, D; Gobbi, B; Kubantsev, M; Malik, S; Tilden, R; Baringer, P; Bean, A; Christofek, L; Coppage, D; Bolton, Ta; Demina, R; Kahl, We; Khanov, A; Korjenevski, S; Pukhaeva, N; Reay, Nw; Rizatdinova, F; Sidwell, Ra; Stanton, Nr; Cremaldi, L; Sanders, D; Bartz, E; Doroshenko, J; Koeth, T; Perera, L; Schnetzer, S; Stone, R; Worm, S; Gartung, P; Hanson, Gg; Jeng, Gy; Paztor, G; Eusebi, R; Halkiadakis, E; Hocker, A; Tipton, P; Affolder, A; Campagnari, C; Hale, D; Incandela, J; Kyre, S; Lamb, J; Taylor, R; White, D; Bolla, G; Bortoletto, D; Garfinkel, A; Rott, C; Roy, A.. - In: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH. SECTION A, ACCELERATORS, SPECTROMETERS, DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - ISSN 0168-9002. - 543:2-3(2005), pp. 463-482. [10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.049]