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Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at nu(s) >= 10(17) Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In 2016 August, 1ES 2344+514 was detected with the groundbased gamma-ray telescope FACT during a high gamma-ray state, triggering multiwavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES 2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, Fermi-LAT, FACT, and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broad-band SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and a hadronic model. The VHE gamma-ray observations show a flux level of 55 per cent of the Crab Nebula flux above 300 GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The Gamma index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE gamma-ray band is 2.04 +/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.15(sys). We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to 1018 Hz.

An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state / Acciari, Va; Ansoldi, S; Antonelli, La; Engels, Aa; Babic, A; Banerjee, B; de Almeida, Ub; Barrio, Ja; Gonzalez, Jb; Bednarek, W; Bellizzi, L; Bernardini, E; Berti, A; Besenrieder, J; Bhattacharyya, W; Bigongiari, C; Blanch, O; Bonnoli, G; Bosnjak, Z; Busetto, G; Carosi, R; Ceribella, G; Cerruti, M; Chai, Y; Chilingaryan, A; Cikota, S; Colak, Sm; Colin, U; Colombo, E; Contreras, Jl; Cortina, J; Covino, S; D'Elia, V; Da Vela, P; Dazzi, F; De Angelis, A; De Lotto, B; Delfino, M; Delgado, J; Depaoli, D; Di Pierro, F; Di Venere, L; Espineira, Ed; Prester, Dd; Donini, A; Doro, M; Elsaesser, D; Ramazani, Vf; Fattorini, A; Ferrara, G; Foffano, L; Fonseca, Mv; Font, L; Fruck, C; Fukami, S; Lopez, Rjg; Garczarczyk, M; Gasparyan, S; Gaug, M; Giglietto, N; Giordano, F; Godinovic, N; Gliwny, P; Green, D; Hadasch, D; Hahn, A; Herrera, J; Hoang, J; Hrupec, D; Hutten, M; Inada, T; Inoue, S; Ishio, K; Iwamura, Y; Jouvin, L; Kajiwara, Y; Kerszberg, D; Kobayashi, Y; Kubo, H; Kushida, J; Lamastra, A; Lelas, D; Leone, F; Lindfors, E; Lombardi, S; Longo, F; Lopez, M; Lopez-Coto, R; Lopez-Oramas, A; Loporchio, S; Fraga, Bmd; Maggio, C; Majumdar, P; Makariev, M; Mallamaci, M; Maneva, G; Manganaro, M; Maraschi, L; Mariotti, M; Martinez, M; Mazin, D; Mender, S; Micanovic, S; Miceli, D; Miener, T; Minev, M; Miranda, Jm; Mirzoyan, R; Molina, E; Moralejo, A; Morcuende, D; Moreno, V; Moretti, E; Munar-Adrover, P; Neustroev, V; Nigro, C; Nilsson, K; Ninci, D; Nishijima, K; Noda, K; Nogues, L; Nozaki, S; Ohtani, Y; Oka, T; Otero-Santos, J; Paiano, S; Palatiello, M; Paneque, D; Paoletti, R; Paredes, Jm; Pavletic, L; Penil, P; Peresano, M; Persic, M; Moroni, Pgp; Prandini, E; Puljak, I; Rib, M; Rico, J; Righi, C; Rugliancich, A; Saha, L; Sahakyan, N; Saito, T; Sakurai, S; Satalecka, K; Schleicher, B; Schmidt, K; Schweizer, T; Sitarek, J; Snidaric, I; Sobczynska, D; Spolon, A; Stamerra, A; Strom, D; Strzys, M; Suda, Y; Suric, T; Takahashi, M; Tavecchio, F; Temnikov, P; Terzic, T; Teshima, M; Torres-Alba, N; Tosti, L; van Scherpenberg, J; Vanzo, G; Acosta, Mv; Ventura, S; Verguilov, V; Vigorito, Cf; Vitale, V; Vovk, I; Will, M; Baack, D; Balbo, M; Beck, M; Biederbeck, N; Biland, A; Blank, M; Bretz, T; Bruegge, K; Bulinski, M; Buss, J; Doerr, M; Dorner, D; Hildebrand, D; Iotov, R; Klinger, M; Mannheim, K; Mueller, Sa; Neise, D; Neronov, A; Nothe, M; Paravac, A; Rhode, W; Schleicher, B; Sedlaczek, K; Shukla, A; Sliusar, V; Tani, L; Theissen, F; Walter, R; Pulido, Ja; Filippenko, Av; Hovatta, T; Kiehlmann, S; Larionov, Vm; Max-Moerbeck, W; Raiteri, Cm; Readhead, Acs; Segon, M; Villata, M; Zheng, W. - In: MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. - ISSN 0035-8711. - STAMPA. - 496:3(2020), pp. 3912-3928. [10.1093/mnras/staa1702]

An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state

Giglietto, N;Loporchio, S;
2020-01-01

Abstract

Extreme high-frequency BL Lacs (EHBL) feature their synchrotron peak of the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) at nu(s) >= 10(17) Hz. The BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 was included in the EHBL family because of its impressive shift of the synchrotron peak in 1996. During the following years, the source appeared to be in a low state without showing any extreme behaviours. In 2016 August, 1ES 2344+514 was detected with the groundbased gamma-ray telescope FACT during a high gamma-ray state, triggering multiwavelength (MWL) observations. We studied the MWL light curves of 1ES 2344+514 during the 2016 flaring state, using data from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays taken with OVRO, KAIT, KVA, NOT, some telescopes of the GASP-WEBT collaboration at the Teide, Crimean, and St. Petersburg observatories, Swift-UVOT, Swift-XRT, Fermi-LAT, FACT, and MAGIC. With simultaneous observations of the flare, we built the broad-band SED and studied it in the framework of a leptonic and a hadronic model. The VHE gamma-ray observations show a flux level of 55 per cent of the Crab Nebula flux above 300 GeV, similar to the historical maximum of 1995. The combination of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT spectra provides an unprecedented characterization of the inverse-Compton peak for this object during a flaring episode. The Gamma index of the intrinsic spectrum in the VHE gamma-ray band is 2.04 +/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.15(sys). We find the source in an extreme state with a shift of the position of the synchrotron peak to frequencies above or equal to 1018 Hz.
2020
An intermittent extreme BL Lac: MWL study of 1ES 2344+514 in an enhanced state / Acciari, Va; Ansoldi, S; Antonelli, La; Engels, Aa; Babic, A; Banerjee, B; de Almeida, Ub; Barrio, Ja; Gonzalez, Jb; Bednarek, W; Bellizzi, L; Bernardini, E; Berti, A; Besenrieder, J; Bhattacharyya, W; Bigongiari, C; Blanch, O; Bonnoli, G; Bosnjak, Z; Busetto, G; Carosi, R; Ceribella, G; Cerruti, M; Chai, Y; Chilingaryan, A; Cikota, S; Colak, Sm; Colin, U; Colombo, E; Contreras, Jl; Cortina, J; Covino, S; D'Elia, V; Da Vela, P; Dazzi, F; De Angelis, A; De Lotto, B; Delfino, M; Delgado, J; Depaoli, D; Di Pierro, F; Di Venere, L; Espineira, Ed; Prester, Dd; Donini, A; Doro, M; Elsaesser, D; Ramazani, Vf; Fattorini, A; Ferrara, G; Foffano, L; Fonseca, Mv; Font, L; Fruck, C; Fukami, S; Lopez, Rjg; Garczarczyk, M; Gasparyan, S; Gaug, M; Giglietto, N; Giordano, F; Godinovic, N; Gliwny, P; Green, D; Hadasch, D; Hahn, A; Herrera, J; Hoang, J; Hrupec, D; Hutten, M; Inada, T; Inoue, S; Ishio, K; Iwamura, Y; Jouvin, L; Kajiwara, Y; Kerszberg, D; Kobayashi, Y; Kubo, H; Kushida, J; Lamastra, A; Lelas, D; Leone, F; Lindfors, E; Lombardi, S; Longo, F; Lopez, M; Lopez-Coto, R; Lopez-Oramas, A; Loporchio, S; Fraga, Bmd; Maggio, C; Majumdar, P; Makariev, M; Mallamaci, M; Maneva, G; Manganaro, M; Maraschi, L; Mariotti, M; Martinez, M; Mazin, D; Mender, S; Micanovic, S; Miceli, D; Miener, T; Minev, M; Miranda, Jm; Mirzoyan, R; Molina, E; Moralejo, A; Morcuende, D; Moreno, V; Moretti, E; Munar-Adrover, P; Neustroev, V; Nigro, C; Nilsson, K; Ninci, D; Nishijima, K; Noda, K; Nogues, L; Nozaki, S; Ohtani, Y; Oka, T; Otero-Santos, J; Paiano, S; Palatiello, M; Paneque, D; Paoletti, R; Paredes, Jm; Pavletic, L; Penil, P; Peresano, M; Persic, M; Moroni, Pgp; Prandini, E; Puljak, I; Rib, M; Rico, J; Righi, C; Rugliancich, A; Saha, L; Sahakyan, N; Saito, T; Sakurai, S; Satalecka, K; Schleicher, B; Schmidt, K; Schweizer, T; Sitarek, J; Snidaric, I; Sobczynska, D; Spolon, A; Stamerra, A; Strom, D; Strzys, M; Suda, Y; Suric, T; Takahashi, M; Tavecchio, F; Temnikov, P; Terzic, T; Teshima, M; Torres-Alba, N; Tosti, L; van Scherpenberg, J; Vanzo, G; Acosta, Mv; Ventura, S; Verguilov, V; Vigorito, Cf; Vitale, V; Vovk, I; Will, M; Baack, D; Balbo, M; Beck, M; Biederbeck, N; Biland, A; Blank, M; Bretz, T; Bruegge, K; Bulinski, M; Buss, J; Doerr, M; Dorner, D; Hildebrand, D; Iotov, R; Klinger, M; Mannheim, K; Mueller, Sa; Neise, D; Neronov, A; Nothe, M; Paravac, A; Rhode, W; Schleicher, B; Sedlaczek, K; Shukla, A; Sliusar, V; Tani, L; Theissen, F; Walter, R; Pulido, Ja; Filippenko, Av; Hovatta, T; Kiehlmann, S; Larionov, Vm; Max-Moerbeck, W; Raiteri, Cm; Readhead, Acs; Segon, M; Villata, M; Zheng, W. - In: MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. - ISSN 0035-8711. - STAMPA. - 496:3(2020), pp. 3912-3928. [10.1093/mnras/staa1702]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11589/206781
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