Assessing the Impact of Climate Variability and Human Activity on Groundwater Resources in the Meskiana Plain, Northeast Algeria

The Meskiana Plain, in the extreme northeast of Algeria, has experienced distinct climatic periods over the last few decades, ranging from wet to dry and balanced climates. Understanding these climate vari- ations is crucial, especially considering the region’s dependence on groundwater for various purposes, includ- ing drinking water supply, agriculture and industrial needs. The delicate balance between aquifer recharge and human-induced withdrawals has significant implications for the Meskiana water table. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the interplay between climate variability, groundwater recharge, and human activities to provide valuable insights for sustainable water resource management. The primary objective of this research is to assess the impact of rainfall variability, drought occurrences, and groundwater withdrawals on the Meskiana water table. The overarching goal is to contribute to informed decision-making for sustain- able water resource management in this semi-arid region to provide a holistic understanding of the complex interactions shaping the groundwater dynamics in the area. Our findings reveal a delicate balance between cli- mate variability and human activities, particularly groundwater withdrawals. The water table has experienced a substantial drop (up to 66 m), indicating the vulnerability of the region’s groundwater resources to drought events and overexploitation. This study underscores the importance of considering both natural and anthro- pogenic factors in water resource planning for semi-arid regions, providing valuable insights for policymak- ers, water resource managers, and stakeholders involved in ensuring the long-term sustainability of the Meskiana water table.