Inertial Sensors Miniaturization through Silicon Photonics: Emerging Trends and Future Prospects

Silicon photonics has proven transformative in data links and telecommunications; however, its potential impact on inertial sensing is still in an early stage of research and development. Recent progress in photonic accelerometers and gyroscopes signals a growing maturity that may enable a new generation of miniaturized inertial measurement units (mini-IMUs). This paper reviews current silicon photonic inertial sensor technology and discusses how key advancements are bringing navigation-grade and tactical-grade mini-IMUs within reach. A particular focus is placed on chip-scale interferometric optical gyroscopes and a newly developed stochastic model critical for predicting their performance. This model is designed to accelerate the transition from laboratory prototypes to practical, deployable devices. Future perspectives are also examined, emphasizing pivotal challenges and emerging strategies that may further drive the miniaturization and performance of silicon photonic inertial sensors in a variety of high-impact applications.