AI-Powered Robotic Ultrasound: Electronic Hardware, Algorithms, and Applications

Robotic ultrasound powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a groundbreaking and transformative innovation in the field of medical imaging. By seamlessly automating probe movement and using sophisticated algorithms, these systems enhance overall diagnostic accuracy and reduce considerably operator variability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of AI-based solutions for the development of robotic ultrasound systems, with a special focus on both Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. In particular, key areas of investigation include probe management strategies and image quality optimization approaches. Applications across various anatomical regions and diverse clinical scenarios demonstrate improved image quality and reduced operator workload, thereby contributing to more consistent and reliable diagnostic outcomes. Main robotic arms employed in these systems are also reviewed, with detailed analysis highlighting technical advancements and engineering innovations. The review underscores the growing role of AI in enhancing diagnostic procedures and supports its potential to revolutionize ultrasound practices, discussing in depth technical and practical challenges related to the implementation of these systems. Overall, the findings emphasize the transformative impact of integrating AI with robotic platforms.