Optimal Energy Management in Interconnected Net-Zero Energy Multi-Greenhouse Systems

This paper proposes a cooperative control framework for a connected cluster of microgrids integrated with multiple smart greenhouses, forming a smart local energy network within the broader context of smart grids. Each microgrid includes renewable energy sources, water pumps, energy storage systems, communication and metering infrastructure, water reservoirs, and a group of greenhouses. Each greenhouse is equipped with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, CO2 injectors, artificial lighting, sensors, local pumps, and fans. The primary goal is to develop a coordinated optimization strategy that enables efficient control of microgrid operations and manages inter-microgrid power exchanges, while ensuring high service quality. This coordination is facilitated through a bidirectional communication network, with a centralized controller overseeing and dispatching control signals. A comprehensive scheduling optimization algorithm is designed and implemented to manage the operation of the interconnected microgrids, considering system constraints. The aim is to improve energy efficiency and precisely regulate microclimate conditions to create an optimal environment for crop growth across all greenhouses.