Concrete is the most widely used material for civil and industrial structures. Over the years, it has been studied to improve its mechanical performance and durability over time. However, due to the high CO2 emissions produced by the cement industry, several researchers have tried to invent new sustainable strategies to mitigate environmental pollution. Another cause of pollution on our planet is the increase in waste (such as polymeric materials) sent to landfill, which is often difficult to dispose of due to the high strength of its microstructure. This thesis proposes a sustainable strategy to address, on the one hand, the post-cracking performance deficits of concrete and, on the other, the difficulty of disposing of polymeric materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polypropylene (PP). This strategy involves the use of recycled synthetic or natural fibers in traditional cementitious mixtures, analyzing all their properties in both the fresh and hardened states. Natural fibers are a promising alternative to common steel or synthetic fibers as they have a high aspect ratio that improves their interaction with the matrix. Furthermore, their wide availability in the agricultural sector makes them economical and low-impact. The aim of this research is to study the physical and mechanical performance of recycled or natural aggregates and fibers within different cement mixtures, establishing their optimal structural applications. To do this, mixtures of screeds, mortars and concretes reinforced with recycled or natural materials were manufactured and tested for workability, air content, compressive and flexural strength, durability, carbonation and impact. The study was divided into three sequential experimental campaigns in which successive analysis phases were carried out up to an application for a structural element. The thesis includes innovative impact tests using the inclined plane method on specimens of masonry walls reinforced with FRCM or TRM systems containing fibers or grids of recycled or natural material. Analysis of the cracking pattern exhibited after each impact made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the fiber in restraining crack opening and delaying specimen failure. The results of this thesis not only have the potential to expand the existing literature on concrete but also stimulate improvements in the design of new sustainable mix designs for the construction of more durable and resilient structural elements.
Il calcestruzzo è il materiale più utilizzato per realizzare strutture civili ed industriali, nel corso degli anni è stato studiato per migliorare le sue performance meccaniche e la sua durabilità del tempo. Tuttavia, a causa delle elevate emissioni di CO2 prodotte delle industrie del cemento diversi ricercatori hanno provato ad inventare nuove strategie sostenibili che mitighino l’inquinamento ambientale. Un ulteriore causa del problema dell’inquinamento del nostro Pianeta è l’aumento dei rifiuti (come i materiali polimerici) gettati in discarica e spesso difficili da smaltire per la grande solidità della loro microstruttura. In questa tesi viene proposta una strategia sostenibile per fronteggiare da una parte le carenze prestazionali post-cracking del calcestruzzo e dall’altra la difficoltà di smaltimento dei materiali polimerici come il Polipropilene (PET) o il polipropilene (PP). Tale strategia è rappresentata dall’utilizzo di fibre riciclate sintetiche o naturali all’interno delle tradizionali miscele cementizie analizzando tutte le loro proprietà allo stato fresco ed indurito. Le fibre naturali rappresentano una alternativa promettente alle comuni fibre di acciaio o sintetiche in quanto possiedono un alto aspect ratio che migliora la loro interazione con la matrice. Inoltre la loro ampia disponibilità nel settore agricolo le rende economiche e poco impattanti. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è studiare le performance fisiche e meccaniche degli aggregati e delle fibre riciclate o naturali all’interno di diverse miscele cementizie stabilendone eventuali applicazioni strutturali ottimali. Per fare questo sono state fabbricate miscele di massetti, malte e calcestruzzi rinforzati con materiali riciclati o naturali su cui sono stati eseguiti test di lavorabilità, contenuto d’aria, resistenza a compressione e flessionale, di durabilità, di carbonatazione e di impatto. Lo studio è stato articolato attraverso tre campagne sperimentali sequenziali nelle quali sono state condotte fasi di analisi successive fino ad una applicazione per un elemento strutturale. La tesi include test di impatto innovativi attraverso il metodo del piano inclinato su campioni di pannelli in muratura rinforzati attraverso sistemi in FRCM o TRM contenenti fibre o reti di materiale riciclato o naturale. L’analisi del quadro fessurativo esibito dopo ogni impatto ha consentito di valutare l’efficacia della fibra nel trattenere l’apertura della fessura ritardando la rottura del campione. I risultati di questa tesi non hanno solo la potenzialità di ampliare la letteratura esistente sul tema del calcestruzzo ma stimolano miglioramenti nel progetto di nuovi mix design sostenibili per la realizzazione di elementi strutturali più durevoli e tenaci.
Comparative study of cementitious mixtures reinforced with recycled and natural materials for sustainable structural applications / Coviello, C.G.. - ELETTRONICO. - (2026).
Comparative study of cementitious mixtures reinforced with recycled and natural materials for sustainable structural applications
Coviello, Cristiano Giuseppe
2026
Abstract
Concrete is the most widely used material for civil and industrial structures. Over the years, it has been studied to improve its mechanical performance and durability over time. However, due to the high CO2 emissions produced by the cement industry, several researchers have tried to invent new sustainable strategies to mitigate environmental pollution. Another cause of pollution on our planet is the increase in waste (such as polymeric materials) sent to landfill, which is often difficult to dispose of due to the high strength of its microstructure. This thesis proposes a sustainable strategy to address, on the one hand, the post-cracking performance deficits of concrete and, on the other, the difficulty of disposing of polymeric materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polypropylene (PP). This strategy involves the use of recycled synthetic or natural fibers in traditional cementitious mixtures, analyzing all their properties in both the fresh and hardened states. Natural fibers are a promising alternative to common steel or synthetic fibers as they have a high aspect ratio that improves their interaction with the matrix. Furthermore, their wide availability in the agricultural sector makes them economical and low-impact. The aim of this research is to study the physical and mechanical performance of recycled or natural aggregates and fibers within different cement mixtures, establishing their optimal structural applications. To do this, mixtures of screeds, mortars and concretes reinforced with recycled or natural materials were manufactured and tested for workability, air content, compressive and flexural strength, durability, carbonation and impact. The study was divided into three sequential experimental campaigns in which successive analysis phases were carried out up to an application for a structural element. The thesis includes innovative impact tests using the inclined plane method on specimens of masonry walls reinforced with FRCM or TRM systems containing fibers or grids of recycled or natural material. Analysis of the cracking pattern exhibited after each impact made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the fiber in restraining crack opening and delaying specimen failure. The results of this thesis not only have the potential to expand the existing literature on concrete but also stimulate improvements in the design of new sustainable mix designs for the construction of more durable and resilient structural elements.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

