Marine sediments are identified as an ultimate receptor for many hazardous pollutants produced by the human activities that pose major concerns for human health and the environment. As a result, the definition of the remediation strategies of contam-inated sediments has given rise to great scientific and public concern throughout the world, since it represents a huge actual challenge from both a technical and technolog-ical point of view. In this context, the present thesis aims to the assessment of two sustainable treatments for the remediation of contaminated marine sediments of the Mar Piccolo basin, located at north of Taranto, (South Italy). Taranto is one of the most polluted towns in Europe and it has been included into the list of polluted Sites of National Inter-est (SIN), for which the environmental remediation has been identified as a National priority. The Mar Piccolo is a semi-enclosed shallow coastal basin (total surface of 20.72 km2) with lagoon features, characterized by restricted water circulation and tidal range and by the presence of submarine springs, which discharge fresh water into the basin. All these factors contribute to create a rich and unique marine ecosystem, typical of the transition environments, and make the basin one of the most important area for mussel farming in Europe. Experimental laboratory investigation has been carried out on sediments con-taminated by heavy metals, PAHs and PCBs, to explore the sustainability of two se-lected remediation technologies: i) in situ reactive capping and ii) ex situ stabilization/solidification (i.e. S/S). Laboratory-scale experiments with sediment columns have been carried in order to assess the impact of reactive capping on contaminant migra-tion. Lastly, geomechanical laboratory tests were carried out on the polluted sediments improved with absorbent materials, in order to study the effects of in situ mix on sedi-ment behaviour. The experimental results contribute to both improve the understanding of chemo-mechanical processes within marine sediments and support the develop-ment of sustainable remediation technologies. Concerning the ex situ alternatives, leaching tests of S/S treated sediments with both traditional binders (i.e. Portland cement and lime) and green additives (i.e. active carbon and biochar) has been carried out. Most efficient mixtures have undergone a geotechnical characterization, aimed at investigating the mechanical performances in the curing time. The results suggest that appropriate mix designs and curing times could allow us for the reuse of sediments by both improving their geotechnical charac-teristics and making them environmentally acceptable in accordance to end-of-waste criteria. The research benefited from the circumstance that the Mar Piccolo represents a “natural laboratory” and an emblematic case in the worldwide panorama of polluted sites. It follows that, although starting from a case history, the study offered the possi-bility to analyses and tests natural geomaterials altered by the presence of different sources of contamination (i.e. water salinity, organic matter, organic pollutants and heavy metals).
I sedimenti marini sono identificati come il recettore finale per molti inquinanti pericolosi prodotti dalle attività antropiche, sostanze che pongono importanti preoccupazioni per la salute umana e per l’ambiente. Di conseguenza, la bonifica dei sedimenti contaminati comporta una grande quantità di preoccupazioni scientifiche e pubbliche in tutto il mondo, rappresentando un’enorme sfida sia sotto il profilo tecnico che tecnologico. In questo contesto, la presente tesi è finalizzata alla valutazione di due trattamenti sostenibili per il risanamento dei sedimenti marini contaminati del bacino del Mar Piccolo di Taranto (Italia meridionale). Taranto è una delle città più inquinate dell’Europa ed è stata inserita nell’elenco dei Siti di Interesse Nazionale (SIN), per i quali la bonifica è identificata come una priorità Nazionale. Il Mar Piccolo è un bacino costiero superficiale semichiuso (superficie totale di 20.72 km2) con caratteristiche lagunari, caratterizzato da una limitata circolazione e dalla presenza di sorgenti sottomarine, che immettono acqua dolce nel bacino. Tutti questi fattori contribuiscono a creare un ecosistema marino ricco e unico, tipico degli ambienti di transizione, rendendo il bacino una delle aree più importanti per l’allevamento di mitili in Europa. Sono state condotte indagini sperimentali, in scala di laboratorio, su sedimenti contaminati da metalli pesanti, IPA e PCB, al fine di esplorare la sostenibilità delle seguenti tecnologie di bonifica: in situ reactive capping reattivo e ex situ stabilizzazione/solidificazione (i.e. S/S). Per valutare gli impatti del capping reattivo sulla migrazione dei contaminanti, sono stati condotti esperimenti in scala di laboratorio con colonne di sedimento. Inoltre, sono stati effettuati dei test geo-meccanici sui sedimenti inquinati migliorati con materiali assorbenti, al fine di studiare gli effetti di un mix in situ sul comportamento dei sedimenti. I risultati migliorano la comprensione dei processi chimici all’interno dei sedimenti marini e dovrebbero contribuire allo sviluppo di tecnologie di capping attive e sostenibili. Per quanto riguarda la tecnologia ex situ, è stata valutata la lisciviazione dei sedimenti trattati con tecniche S/S a base di leganti tradizionali (cioè cemento Portland e calce) e additivi verdi (cioè carbone attivo e biochar). Sulle migliori miscele è stata condotta una caratterizzazione geotecnica, finalizzata a indagare le prestazioni meccaniche nel tempo di maturazione. I risultati suggeriscono che le miscele progettate, per appropriati tempi di polimerizzazione, potrebbero consentire di riutilizzare i sedimenti migliorando le loro caratteristiche geotecniche e rendendole accettabili dal punto di vista ambientale in base ai criteri di fine rifiuti. La ricerca ha beneficiato della circostanza che il Mar Piccolo rappresenta un "laboratorio naturale" e un caso emblematico nel panorama mondiale dei siti inquinati. Ne consegue che, pur partendo da un caso studio, lo studio ha offerto la possibilità di analizzare e testare geomateriali naturali alterati dalla presenza di diverse fonti di contaminazione (ad esempio: salinità dell'acqua, materia organica, inquinanti organici e metalli pesanti).
Sustainable remediation technologies for contaminated marine sediments: experimental investigation / Todaro, Francesco. - ELETTRONICO. - (2018). [10.60576/poliba/iris/todaro-francesco_phd2018]
Sustainable remediation technologies for contaminated marine sediments: experimental investigation
Todaro, Francesco
2018-01-01
Abstract
Marine sediments are identified as an ultimate receptor for many hazardous pollutants produced by the human activities that pose major concerns for human health and the environment. As a result, the definition of the remediation strategies of contam-inated sediments has given rise to great scientific and public concern throughout the world, since it represents a huge actual challenge from both a technical and technolog-ical point of view. In this context, the present thesis aims to the assessment of two sustainable treatments for the remediation of contaminated marine sediments of the Mar Piccolo basin, located at north of Taranto, (South Italy). Taranto is one of the most polluted towns in Europe and it has been included into the list of polluted Sites of National Inter-est (SIN), for which the environmental remediation has been identified as a National priority. The Mar Piccolo is a semi-enclosed shallow coastal basin (total surface of 20.72 km2) with lagoon features, characterized by restricted water circulation and tidal range and by the presence of submarine springs, which discharge fresh water into the basin. All these factors contribute to create a rich and unique marine ecosystem, typical of the transition environments, and make the basin one of the most important area for mussel farming in Europe. Experimental laboratory investigation has been carried out on sediments con-taminated by heavy metals, PAHs and PCBs, to explore the sustainability of two se-lected remediation technologies: i) in situ reactive capping and ii) ex situ stabilization/solidification (i.e. S/S). Laboratory-scale experiments with sediment columns have been carried in order to assess the impact of reactive capping on contaminant migra-tion. Lastly, geomechanical laboratory tests were carried out on the polluted sediments improved with absorbent materials, in order to study the effects of in situ mix on sedi-ment behaviour. The experimental results contribute to both improve the understanding of chemo-mechanical processes within marine sediments and support the develop-ment of sustainable remediation technologies. Concerning the ex situ alternatives, leaching tests of S/S treated sediments with both traditional binders (i.e. Portland cement and lime) and green additives (i.e. active carbon and biochar) has been carried out. Most efficient mixtures have undergone a geotechnical characterization, aimed at investigating the mechanical performances in the curing time. The results suggest that appropriate mix designs and curing times could allow us for the reuse of sediments by both improving their geotechnical charac-teristics and making them environmentally acceptable in accordance to end-of-waste criteria. The research benefited from the circumstance that the Mar Piccolo represents a “natural laboratory” and an emblematic case in the worldwide panorama of polluted sites. It follows that, although starting from a case history, the study offered the possi-bility to analyses and tests natural geomaterials altered by the presence of different sources of contamination (i.e. water salinity, organic matter, organic pollutants and heavy metals).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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