The structural safety evaluation of existing buildings is a topic of absolute importance at a global level and especially in Italy. During the World population increasing and economic development, occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century, the construction development reached its greatest diffusion. In this context, reinforced concrete structures represent a great part of construction heritage, both in Europe and in Italy. The "new technique", born in the late 1800s, reached its decisive impulse at the beginning of the twentieth century; the first applications were limited to the interstory slabs and large roofs, especially in industrial buildings. The most prestigious public buildings were built using reinforced concrete frames which gradually became competitive in residential construction field. In the latter case, the real development was after the Second World War, during the Italian economic upturn. However, the catastrophic events that hit Italy in recent years, such as L'Aquila earthquake in 2009, Central Italy earthquake in 2016 and the most recent Morandi Bridge collapse in Genova (August 2018), have demonstrated the fragility of building heritage. In fact, most of reinforced concrete existing buildings, built more than 40 years ago, show advanced degradation conditions due to the inevitable material ageing as well as poor structural maintenance. Subsequently, about 70% of existing Italian buildings have been built without paying particular attention to seismic actions; because, the Italian territory was classified as almost entirely seismic only in 1974. For these reasons, the topic of the structural safety of existing reinforced concrete structures represents an important issue, which should be addressed by the Engineering Community. However, the wide range of construction typologies makes the evaluation process particularly complex, especially considering the difficulties on standardizing methods related to verification and design of the interventions. This is the reason why modern scientific approaches devote particular attention to the knowledge of the construction, which is determined by the design indications at the time of construction, the construction details and the knowledge of material properties. The aim of the research project is to deepen these aspects and to provide some solutions about analysis procedures used in the current Italian codes and those under development in Europe. These procedures, compared with advanced statistical approaches, are applied to evaluate the structural capacity of reinforced concrete elements, extracted from an Italian school building built in 1940. The structural capacity estimations, evaluated according to different approaches and related to a variable number of material experimental data, are compared with the experimental tests actually performed on the structural elements.
La valutazione della sicurezza strutturale delle costruzioni esistenti è un tema di assoluta importanza sia a livello mondiale ma soprattutto in Italia. In relazione alla crescita demografica mondiale ed allo sviluppo economico, riconducibili all’inizio del Novecento, il mercato delle costruzioni ebbe il suo maggiore sviluppo e diffusione dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale. In questo contesto, le costruzioni in calcestruzzo armato rappresentano una parte cospicua del costruito Europeo e soprattutto Italiano. La “nuova tecnica”, nata alla fine del 1800, ebbe il suo decisivo impulso agli inizi del Novecento; le prime applicazioni erano limitate alla realizzazione di solai interpiano e grandi coperture, soprattutto negli edifici industriali. Alcune tra le più prestigiose opere pubbliche, vennero realizzate utilizzando il telaio in calcestruzzo armato che pian piano divenne competitivo anche nel campo dell’edilizia residenziale. In quest’ultimo caso, il vero e proprio boom però si ebbe dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, parallelamente al rilancio economico dell’intero Paese. Tuttavia, gli eventi catastrofici che hanno colpito l’Italia negli ultimi anni, tra i quali il terremoto de L’Aquila nel 2009, il terremoto del Centro Italia nel 2016 e il più recente crollo del Ponte Morandi a Genova (agosto 2018), hanno dimostrato quanto tale patrimonio sia fragile. Infatti, molti degli edifici esistenti in calcestruzzo armato, costruiti da oltre 40 anni, presentano una condizione di degrado avanzata dovuta all’inevitabile invecchiamento del materiale, ma anche alla scarsa manutenzione strutturale di cui tale patrimonio necessita. Inoltre, circa il 70% delle costruzioni esistenti italiane è stato costruito senza porre particolare attenzione alle azioni sismiche, in quanto solo nel 1974, il territorio italiano fu classificato come quasi interamente sismico. Per queste ragioni, il tema della sicurezza strutturale delle costruzioni esistenti in calcestruzzo armato ricopre un ruolo di assoluta importanza ed urgenza, a cui il mondo della ricerca ha il dovere di rispondere. Tuttavia, il notevole assortimento delle tipologie costruttive rende particolarmente complesso il percorso di valutazione, soprattutto considerando le difficoltà nella standardizzazione dei metodi di verifica e di progetto degli interventi. A tal fine, l’approccio scientifico moderno dedica particolare attenzione alla conoscenza della costruzione, determinata dalle indicazioni progettuali all’epoca della costruzione, dalla cura dei dettagli costruttivi e dalla conoscenza legata ai materiali impiegati. Il lavoro di ricerca condotto, ha l’obiettivo di approfondire questi aspetti e di fornire alcune soluzioni e spunti di riflessione in merito alle procedure di analisi impiegate nei correnti codici italiani e quelle in via di sviluppo in Europa. Tali procedure, confrontate con gli approcci della statistica classica, sono state applicate per valutare la capacità strutturale di alcuni elementi in calcestruzzo armato, estratti da un edificio scolastico costruito Italiano costruito nel 1940. La stima della capacità strutturale, valutata secondo diversi approcci in relazione ad un numero variabile di dati sperimentali condotti sui materiali, è stata confrontata con le prove sperimentali realmente condotte sugli elementi strutturali.
Structural safety assessment of existing structures: Italian Reinforced Concrete Buildings of first 20th century / Forte, Angelo. - ELETTRONICO. - (2019). [10.60576/poliba/iris/forte-angelo_phd2019]
Structural safety assessment of existing structures: Italian Reinforced Concrete Buildings of first 20th century
Forte, Angelo
2019-01-01
Abstract
The structural safety evaluation of existing buildings is a topic of absolute importance at a global level and especially in Italy. During the World population increasing and economic development, occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century, the construction development reached its greatest diffusion. In this context, reinforced concrete structures represent a great part of construction heritage, both in Europe and in Italy. The "new technique", born in the late 1800s, reached its decisive impulse at the beginning of the twentieth century; the first applications were limited to the interstory slabs and large roofs, especially in industrial buildings. The most prestigious public buildings were built using reinforced concrete frames which gradually became competitive in residential construction field. In the latter case, the real development was after the Second World War, during the Italian economic upturn. However, the catastrophic events that hit Italy in recent years, such as L'Aquila earthquake in 2009, Central Italy earthquake in 2016 and the most recent Morandi Bridge collapse in Genova (August 2018), have demonstrated the fragility of building heritage. In fact, most of reinforced concrete existing buildings, built more than 40 years ago, show advanced degradation conditions due to the inevitable material ageing as well as poor structural maintenance. Subsequently, about 70% of existing Italian buildings have been built without paying particular attention to seismic actions; because, the Italian territory was classified as almost entirely seismic only in 1974. For these reasons, the topic of the structural safety of existing reinforced concrete structures represents an important issue, which should be addressed by the Engineering Community. However, the wide range of construction typologies makes the evaluation process particularly complex, especially considering the difficulties on standardizing methods related to verification and design of the interventions. This is the reason why modern scientific approaches devote particular attention to the knowledge of the construction, which is determined by the design indications at the time of construction, the construction details and the knowledge of material properties. The aim of the research project is to deepen these aspects and to provide some solutions about analysis procedures used in the current Italian codes and those under development in Europe. These procedures, compared with advanced statistical approaches, are applied to evaluate the structural capacity of reinforced concrete elements, extracted from an Italian school building built in 1940. The structural capacity estimations, evaluated according to different approaches and related to a variable number of material experimental data, are compared with the experimental tests actually performed on the structural elements.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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