In the last few years, the seismic and energy performance assessment methodologies of existing building stock have become a central topic in ongoing research. One of the most important issues is the considerable complexity of the evaluation of the existing buildings compared to the new design due to the uncertainties inherent the process of knowledge of the effective characteristics the buildings and the several variables involved. Moreover, the seismic events of the last few years together with the short-term objectives imposed by European Union for the improvement of energy efficiency have brought to light the urgent need of assessing the actual performance levels to plan and realize suitable retrofitting interventions. This implies the necessity to perform large-scale surveys for a huge number of buildings for which it is not possible to use the procedures generally employed to assess single buildings, due to the detailed information required and the considerable computational burden. For this reasons, at large scale it is required the use of simplified procedures, easily implementable on the basis of limited information and able to provide results with acceptable reliability and accuracy, optimizing the cost and time connected to the process of realization of an inventory of building characteristics and subsequent implementation of the assessment procedures. In this framework, the objective of the present research work is to provide an innovative approach for the assessment of the existing buildings in a context of uncertainty and incomplete information typical of the large scale analysis by means of a properly knowledge path to realize a suitable base of information finalized to the implementation of simplified assessment procedures. The starting point is the construction of a geo-referenced multi sources database (GMSD) of the current residential buildings stock in GIS environment through the extraction, integration and elaboration of data from different sources. The information, collected, catalogued, and implemented in GMSD database, is structured according three level of GIS entities: census section (CS), urban block (UB), and single building (SB), to which a “standard” set of minimum data has been associated. Subsequently, the georeferenced database has been supplemented by more detailed information extracted by “CARTIS” catalogue, containing information about the typological and structural features of homogenous urban districts, to refine the data and to obtain more detailed information associated to each building. The alphanumeric format of data allows the automatic implementation of indirect methods with a low computational effort, which provide a qualitative seismic vulnerability index at different scales (whole urban district, an urban block, a single building), the results have been compared to verify the reliability and accuracy of the data set and stored in the GMSD database together with all the information. Successively, a powerful 3D interactive tool has been realized for the knowledge, characterization and analysis at the urban scale. Two Applications have been developed for case studies in Puglia, Italy: the cities of Taranto and Bisceglie for which GMSD has been constructed and implement a rapid seismic vulnerability assessment respectively of 12674 urban blocks and 3726 single buildings. The information available in GMSD allows to perform several types of assessment at large scale for a large set of existing buildings, in particular two methodologies have been proposed; the first, allows a large scale assessment of masonry building aggregates; the second, regard the integration of the two aspect of seismic vulnerability and energy performance of existing building stock. A typological-mechanical approach has been elaborated and tested to assess the seismic behaviour of the masonry buildings and aggregates at large scale. The information of the different structural-typological building classes stored in GMSD database have been used to perform a statistical sampling of the existing building stock, automatically elaborating the numerical models and analyses by means of a computer code with low computational effort. The aim is to identify a simplified relations and rules to predict the seismic behaviour of masonry buildings aggregates starting from the limited information about the single building. The second proposal is finalized to implementation of an integrated simplified evaluation procedure of the seismic vulnerability and energy performance at urban scale, two aspects generally treated in a disconnected way, ignoring the advantages and benefits that could result from an integrated strategy. The integrate procedure is based the data collected in GMSD database complemented by a further information about building envelope and plant system feature, obtained by available technical documentations, photographic record, expeditious inspections and survey. The proposed algorithm provides the calculation of a seismic vulnerability (IVS) and an energy performance (IVE) index for each building by means of suitable procedure in which, for each of the two aspects, a proper set of characteristic parameters have been selected and appraised. The two indices are normalized to obtain two consistent values and combined in a synthetic integrated index (IVI). The approach has been applied to a neighbourhood in the historical centre of Foggia obtaining in a rapid way an integrated assessment of a sample composed by 148 buildings. On the bases of the proposed procedures it is possible to elaborate a preliminary analysis of the current state of the existing building stock in order to identify the criticality performance levels, elaborate different scenarios and plan more detailed analyses and future interventions, optimizing the available resources.
Negli ultimi anni, le metodologie di valutazione di prestazioni sismiche ed energetiche del patrimonio edilizio esistente sono diventate un tema centrale della ricerca tecnico-scientifica. Una delle principali criticità riguarda la notevole complessità legata alle valutazioni degli edifici esistenti rispetto alla nuova progettazione dovuta alle incertezze connesse al percorso di conoscenza delle effettive caratteristiche degli edifici e alle numerose variabili coinvolte. Inoltre, gli eventi sismici degli ultimi anni e gli obiettivi di breve termine imposti dall’Unione Europea per il miglioramento dell’efficienza energetica, hanno fatto emergere l’urgenza di valutare gli attuali livelli prestazionale per pianificare e attuare adeguati interventi di miglioramento e adeguamento. Questo implica la necessità di eseguire analisi a larga scala per un enorme numero di edifici per i quali non è possibile l’uso delle procedure generalmente impiegate per valutare il singolo edificio a causa del livello di dettaglio di informazioni richieste e del considerevole onere computazionale. Per questa ragione, a larga scala è necessario utilizzare procedure semplificate, facilmente implementabili sulla base di informazioni limitate e in grado di fornire risultati con affidabilità e accuratezza accettabile, ottimizzando costi e tempi connessi ai processi di realizzazione di archivi di informazioni e di implementazione di procedure di valutazione. In questo quadro, l’obiettivo del presente lavoro di ricerca è quello di fornire un approccio innovativo alla valutazione degli edifici esistenti in un contesto di incertezza e informazioni limitate, tipico delle analisi a larga scala, per mezzo di un adeguato percorso di conoscenza finalizzato alla realizzazione di una opportuna base di informazioni finalizzato all’implementazione di procedure semplificati di valutazione. Il punto di partenza è la costruzione di un database multi-sorgente georeferenziato (GMSD) del patrimonio edilizio residenziale corrente in ambiente GIS mediante estrazione, integrazione ed elaborazione di dati ricavati da diverse fonti. Le informazioni raccolte, catalogate ed implementate in ambiente nel GMSD, sono strutturate secondo tre livelli di dettaglio: le sezioni di censimento (CS), i blocchi urbani (UB), i singoli edifici (SB) ai quali viene associato un insieme di informazioni “standard”. Successivamente, il database GMSD viene integrato con informazioni di maggior dettaglio estrapolate dal catalogo “CARTIS”, contenente informazioni sulle caratteristiche tipologico-strutturali di comparti urbani omogenei, in maniera da affinare i dati e ottenere informazioni dettagliate associate a ciascun edificio. Il formato alfanumerico dei dati consente l’implementazione automatica, con un limitato onere computazionale, di metodi indiretti che forniscono un indice di vulnerabilità sismica di carattere qualitativo a scala differente (intero comparto urbano, sezione di censimento, blocco urbano, edificio singolo), i risultati vengono comparati per verificare l’affidabilità e l’accuratezza dei dati e collocati con le altre informazioni nel database GMSD. Vengono proposte due diverse applicazioni sviluppate per casi studi localizzati in Puglia: la città di Taranto e la città di Bisceglie per le quali è stato costruito il database GMSD ed è stata implementata una rapida procedura di valutazione di vulnerabilità sismica rispettivamente 12674 blocchi urbani e 3726 edifici. Le informazioni disponibili nel database GMSD consentono l’esecuzione di differenti tipologie di valutazioni a larga scala per grandi insiemi di edifici esistenti, nello specifico, vengono proposte due metodologie: la prima, permette una valutazione a larga scala di edifici in muratura in aggregato; la seconda, riguarda l’integrazione dei due aspetti di vulnerabilità sismica e prestazioni energetiche del patrimonio edilizio esistente. È stato elaborato e testato un approccio tipologico-meccanico per la valutazione del comportamento sismico di edifici in muratura in aggregato a larga scala. Le informazioni delle diverse classi tipologico-strutturali di edifici presenti nel database GMSD vengono utilizzate per eseguire un campionamento statistico del patrimonio edilizio esistente, implementando in maniera automatica la modellazione e l’analisi numerica tramite l’utilizzo di un codice informatico con un basso onere computazionale. Lo scopo è identificare relazioni e regole semplificate per prevedere il comportamento sismico e strutturale di un aggregato in muratura a partire dalla conoscenza di informazioni di base del singolo edificio componente. La seconda proposta è finalizzata all’implementazione di una procedura semplificata di valutazione integrata delle prestazioni sismiche ed energetiche a scala urbana, due aspetti generalmente trattati in maniera separata, ignorando i vantaggi e i benefici che potrebbero derivare da una strategia integrata. La procedura integrata si basa sui dati contenuti nel database GMSD integrata da ulteriori informazioni riguardanti l’involucro dell’edificio e le caratteristiche impiantistiche ottenuta da documentazione tecnica, fotografica, ispezioni e indagini speditive. L’algoritmo proposto prevede il calcolo di due indici di vulnerabilità sismica (IVS) e prestazione energetica (IVE) per ciascun edificio utilizzando opportune procedure nelle quali, per ciascuno dei due aspetti, opportuni parametri caratteristici vengono selezionati e valutati. I due indici vengono normalizzati in maniera tale da avere due grandezze coerenti e combinati in un indice sintetico integrato (IVI). l’approccio è stato applicato ad un quartiere del centro storico di Foggia ottenendo in maniera rapida una valutazione integrata per un campione di 148 edifici. Sulla base delle procedure proposte è possibile elaborare un’analisi preliminare dello stato corrente del patrimonio edilizio esistente in maniera da identificare livelli prestazionali critici, elaborare differenti scenari e pianificare analisi più dettagliate e futuri interventi, ottimizzando le risorse disponibili.
Towards an Integrated Vulnerability Assessment of the existing building stock at the urban scale: combination of multi-source data, appraisal of the energy and seismic performance and development of typological-mechanical models for building aggregates / Leggieri, Valeria. - ELETTRONICO. - (2021). [10.60576/poliba/iris/leggieri-valeria_phd2021]
Towards an Integrated Vulnerability Assessment of the existing building stock at the urban scale: combination of multi-source data, appraisal of the energy and seismic performance and development of typological-mechanical models for building aggregates
Leggieri, Valeria
2021-01-01
Abstract
In the last few years, the seismic and energy performance assessment methodologies of existing building stock have become a central topic in ongoing research. One of the most important issues is the considerable complexity of the evaluation of the existing buildings compared to the new design due to the uncertainties inherent the process of knowledge of the effective characteristics the buildings and the several variables involved. Moreover, the seismic events of the last few years together with the short-term objectives imposed by European Union for the improvement of energy efficiency have brought to light the urgent need of assessing the actual performance levels to plan and realize suitable retrofitting interventions. This implies the necessity to perform large-scale surveys for a huge number of buildings for which it is not possible to use the procedures generally employed to assess single buildings, due to the detailed information required and the considerable computational burden. For this reasons, at large scale it is required the use of simplified procedures, easily implementable on the basis of limited information and able to provide results with acceptable reliability and accuracy, optimizing the cost and time connected to the process of realization of an inventory of building characteristics and subsequent implementation of the assessment procedures. In this framework, the objective of the present research work is to provide an innovative approach for the assessment of the existing buildings in a context of uncertainty and incomplete information typical of the large scale analysis by means of a properly knowledge path to realize a suitable base of information finalized to the implementation of simplified assessment procedures. The starting point is the construction of a geo-referenced multi sources database (GMSD) of the current residential buildings stock in GIS environment through the extraction, integration and elaboration of data from different sources. The information, collected, catalogued, and implemented in GMSD database, is structured according three level of GIS entities: census section (CS), urban block (UB), and single building (SB), to which a “standard” set of minimum data has been associated. Subsequently, the georeferenced database has been supplemented by more detailed information extracted by “CARTIS” catalogue, containing information about the typological and structural features of homogenous urban districts, to refine the data and to obtain more detailed information associated to each building. The alphanumeric format of data allows the automatic implementation of indirect methods with a low computational effort, which provide a qualitative seismic vulnerability index at different scales (whole urban district, an urban block, a single building), the results have been compared to verify the reliability and accuracy of the data set and stored in the GMSD database together with all the information. Successively, a powerful 3D interactive tool has been realized for the knowledge, characterization and analysis at the urban scale. Two Applications have been developed for case studies in Puglia, Italy: the cities of Taranto and Bisceglie for which GMSD has been constructed and implement a rapid seismic vulnerability assessment respectively of 12674 urban blocks and 3726 single buildings. The information available in GMSD allows to perform several types of assessment at large scale for a large set of existing buildings, in particular two methodologies have been proposed; the first, allows a large scale assessment of masonry building aggregates; the second, regard the integration of the two aspect of seismic vulnerability and energy performance of existing building stock. A typological-mechanical approach has been elaborated and tested to assess the seismic behaviour of the masonry buildings and aggregates at large scale. The information of the different structural-typological building classes stored in GMSD database have been used to perform a statistical sampling of the existing building stock, automatically elaborating the numerical models and analyses by means of a computer code with low computational effort. The aim is to identify a simplified relations and rules to predict the seismic behaviour of masonry buildings aggregates starting from the limited information about the single building. The second proposal is finalized to implementation of an integrated simplified evaluation procedure of the seismic vulnerability and energy performance at urban scale, two aspects generally treated in a disconnected way, ignoring the advantages and benefits that could result from an integrated strategy. The integrate procedure is based the data collected in GMSD database complemented by a further information about building envelope and plant system feature, obtained by available technical documentations, photographic record, expeditious inspections and survey. The proposed algorithm provides the calculation of a seismic vulnerability (IVS) and an energy performance (IVE) index for each building by means of suitable procedure in which, for each of the two aspects, a proper set of characteristic parameters have been selected and appraised. The two indices are normalized to obtain two consistent values and combined in a synthetic integrated index (IVI). The approach has been applied to a neighbourhood in the historical centre of Foggia obtaining in a rapid way an integrated assessment of a sample composed by 148 buildings. On the bases of the proposed procedures it is possible to elaborate a preliminary analysis of the current state of the existing building stock in order to identify the criticality performance levels, elaborate different scenarios and plan more detailed analyses and future interventions, optimizing the available resources.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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