This doctoral thesis assumes as a node of reflection the application of the point of view of the constructive problem to the quality of space, domestic – or interior generally – and urban, in the work of the chosen reference author, Umberto Riva. The point of view of the constructive fact is necessarily partial, but in some authors, who have pursued in their practice the coincidence between the design idea and the constructive form, it can be an adequate key to deeply understand another level of meaning. Here the assumption of this point of view aims to understand the reciprocal interactions between the attention to the construction and the quality of the space, meant as inhabited space. Umberto Riva has dealt with different scales of design, from the object to the urban project, but he has been studied especially for his works on the architectural interior. A field in which his working method is particularly evident, always focused on project control from design to construction on site, with the expression of one of his typical research trajectories: the redesign of devices for architecture and furnishings. His work is also completed with a constant pictorial activity. This thesis reconstructs two formative moments of Riva, considered crucial for the first development of his own research themes, never theorized by Riva, but identified within his work. The first moment are the academic studies, carried out from 1948 to 1959 in two Italian schools, fundamental in that period: first at the Polytechnic of Milan and then at the IUAV in Venice. Over these years Riva knew as teachers, among others, Guarneri, Portaluppi, Samonà, Scarpa, Albini. The thesis identifies in this training the origin of the practice of Riva of technological and formal redefinition of the constructive detail as the core of the design. A second formative moment includes the constructive experimentation on the first works, and the editorial activity with Zodiac which puts him in contact with the debate on the themes of architecture in Italy in the ‘60, and which leads him to make many journeys of architecture, in which he discovers Le Corbusier, Wright and Kahn. From the observation of these masters, he borrows constructive technical solutions, and the use of materials and colors. The thesis focuses then on five case studies identified as emblematic: the construction of the Bar Sem in Milan in 1975, the unbuilt building in via Conchetta in Milan in 1982, the project for the Sperone del Guasco in Ancona in 1987, the construction of the Insinga house in Milan in 1989, the exhibition on Kiesler in 1996. These cases are reconstructed in each of their technological units, through the intersection of photographic, bibliographic and archive material available, and for each of them is given an interpretation that summarizes a tectonic solution. The thesis then focuses on the practice of redefining the constructive detail, identifying five areas of action: the works on the windows, the works on the wall thickness, the works on the central cores, the spatial indicators, and finally the stairs. From the the study on the completed work, read from the tectonic point of view, and that on the extrapolation of the research of the constructive detail, the thesis draws conclusions in the form of interpretative themes of the project: the scalar problem, which in Riva is resolved in bringing everything back to the same level of constructive attention, from which the detail results in a small architecture within the great architecture; a figurative, but also constructive, poetics, which traces a net of relationships, spatial on one side and technical on the other, between all the construction details and in general within the structure, that always links the edges with the center of the architecture; the consideration of the human dimension and the perception of space, which is resolved both in phenomenological terms and in terms of tectonic expressiveness. Finally, the identification of the connection between building the object and building the space, which summarizes Riva’s ability, carried through the making, to always keep together, interdependent, the attention to spatial quality and the attention to construction.
La tesi di dottorato assume come nodo di riflessione l’applicazione del punto di vista del problema costruttivo all’ambito della qualità dello spazio, domestico – o generalmente interno – e urbano, nel lavoro dell’autore di riferimento scelto, Umberto Riva. Il punto di vista del fatto costruttivo è scelto perché, sebbene necessariamente parziale, in alcuni autori, che hanno perseguito nella propria pratica di lavoro la coincidenza tra l’idea progettuale e la forma costruttiva, può essere una chiave di lettura adeguata ad andare in profondità e comprenderne un altro livello di significato. In particolare, l’assunzione di questo punto di vista vuole comprendere le interazioni reciproche tra l’attenzione alla costruzione e la qualità dello spazio, inteso come spazio abitato. Umberto Riva si è occupato di lavori dalla scala dell’oggetto a quella del progetto urbano, venendo in particolar modo studiato per le sue opere sull’interno architettonico. Ambito in cui risulta particolarmente evidente un suo metodo di lavoro sempre incentrato sul controllo del progetto dal disegno alla realizzazione in cantiere, con l’espressione di una sua traiettoria di ricerca sulla riprogettazione dei dispositivi per l’architettura e l’arredo. Il suo lavoro si completa inoltre con una costante attività pittorica. La presente tesi ricostruisce due momenti formativi di Riva, considerati cruciali per lo sviluppo in nuce dei suoi propri temi di ricerca, mai teorizzati da Riva, ma individuati all’interno del suo lavoro. Un primo momento è la formazione accademica, portata avanti dal 1948 al 1959, in due Scuole italiane fondamentali in quel periodo, il Politecnico di Milano prima e l’Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia poi. Riva ha come docenti, tra gli altri, Guarneri, Portaluppi, Samonà, Scarpa, Albini. Da questa formazione la tesi individua l’origine della pratica di Riva di riformulazione tecnologica e formale del particolare costruttivo come nucleo della progettazione. Un secondo momento formativo include la sperimentazione costruttiva sulle prime opere, e l’attività redazionale con Zodiac che lo pone in contatto con il dibattito sui temi dell’architettura in Italia negli anni Sessanta, e che lo porta a fare molti viaggi conoscitivi dell’architettura, in cui scopre Le Corbusier, Wright e Kahn. Dall’osservazione di questi maestri mutua in particolare soluzioni tecniche costruttive, uso dei materiali e dei colori. La tesi si concentra su cinque casi studio individuati come emblematici: la realizzazione del Bar Sem a Milano del 1975, l’edificio non realizzato in via Conchetta a Milano del 1982, il progetto per lo Sperone del Guasco ad Ancona del 1987, la realizzazione di casa Insinga a Milano del 1989, l’allestimento per la mostra su Kiesler del 1996. Questi casi sono ricostruiti in ogni loro unità tecnologica, attraverso l’incrocio di materiale fotografico, bibliografico e archivistico a disposizione, e ne viene data una lettura che li sintetizza ognuno in una soluzione tettonica. La tesi si concentra poi sulla pratica di ridefinizione del particolare costruttivo, individuando cinque ambiti di azione: i lavori sui serramenti, i lavori sullo spessore murario, i lavori sui nuclei centrali, gli indicatori spaziali, e infine le scale. Dall’incrocio dello studio sull’opera conclusa, letta dal punto di vista tettonico, e quello sull’estrapolazione della ricerca del particolare costruttivo, la tesi trae delle conclusioni in forma di temi interpretativi del progetto: il problema scalare, che in Riva si risolve nel riportare tutto allo stesso piano di attenzione costruttiva, da cui il particolare risulta una piccola architettura dentro la grande architettura; una poetica figurativa, ma anche costruttiva, che traccia una maglia di relazioni, spaziali da un lato e tecniche dall’altro, tra tutti i particolari costruttivi e in generale all’interno della struttura, che lega sempre i bordi con il centro dell’architettura; la considerazione alla dimensione umana e alla percezione dello spazio, che viene risolta sia in termini fenomenologici sia in termini di espressività tettonica. Per concludere infine con l’individuazione della connessione tra il costruire l’oggetto e il costruire lo spazio, che sintetizza la capacità di Riva, portata avanti attraverso il fare, di mantenere sempre insieme, interdipendenti, l’attenzione alla qualità spaziale, e l’attenzione alla costruzione.
Costruire l’oggetto, costruire lo spazio. Cinque progetti emblematici di Umberto Riva = Building the object, building the space. Five emblematic projects by Umberto Riva / Faccitondo, Nicoletta. - ELETTRONICO. - (2023). [10.60576/poliba/iris/faccitondo-nicoletta_phd2023]
Costruire l’oggetto, costruire lo spazio. Cinque progetti emblematici di Umberto Riva = Building the object, building the space. Five emblematic projects by Umberto Riva
Faccitondo, Nicoletta
2023-01-01
Abstract
This doctoral thesis assumes as a node of reflection the application of the point of view of the constructive problem to the quality of space, domestic – or interior generally – and urban, in the work of the chosen reference author, Umberto Riva. The point of view of the constructive fact is necessarily partial, but in some authors, who have pursued in their practice the coincidence between the design idea and the constructive form, it can be an adequate key to deeply understand another level of meaning. Here the assumption of this point of view aims to understand the reciprocal interactions between the attention to the construction and the quality of the space, meant as inhabited space. Umberto Riva has dealt with different scales of design, from the object to the urban project, but he has been studied especially for his works on the architectural interior. A field in which his working method is particularly evident, always focused on project control from design to construction on site, with the expression of one of his typical research trajectories: the redesign of devices for architecture and furnishings. His work is also completed with a constant pictorial activity. This thesis reconstructs two formative moments of Riva, considered crucial for the first development of his own research themes, never theorized by Riva, but identified within his work. The first moment are the academic studies, carried out from 1948 to 1959 in two Italian schools, fundamental in that period: first at the Polytechnic of Milan and then at the IUAV in Venice. Over these years Riva knew as teachers, among others, Guarneri, Portaluppi, Samonà, Scarpa, Albini. The thesis identifies in this training the origin of the practice of Riva of technological and formal redefinition of the constructive detail as the core of the design. A second formative moment includes the constructive experimentation on the first works, and the editorial activity with Zodiac which puts him in contact with the debate on the themes of architecture in Italy in the ‘60, and which leads him to make many journeys of architecture, in which he discovers Le Corbusier, Wright and Kahn. From the observation of these masters, he borrows constructive technical solutions, and the use of materials and colors. The thesis focuses then on five case studies identified as emblematic: the construction of the Bar Sem in Milan in 1975, the unbuilt building in via Conchetta in Milan in 1982, the project for the Sperone del Guasco in Ancona in 1987, the construction of the Insinga house in Milan in 1989, the exhibition on Kiesler in 1996. These cases are reconstructed in each of their technological units, through the intersection of photographic, bibliographic and archive material available, and for each of them is given an interpretation that summarizes a tectonic solution. The thesis then focuses on the practice of redefining the constructive detail, identifying five areas of action: the works on the windows, the works on the wall thickness, the works on the central cores, the spatial indicators, and finally the stairs. From the the study on the completed work, read from the tectonic point of view, and that on the extrapolation of the research of the constructive detail, the thesis draws conclusions in the form of interpretative themes of the project: the scalar problem, which in Riva is resolved in bringing everything back to the same level of constructive attention, from which the detail results in a small architecture within the great architecture; a figurative, but also constructive, poetics, which traces a net of relationships, spatial on one side and technical on the other, between all the construction details and in general within the structure, that always links the edges with the center of the architecture; the consideration of the human dimension and the perception of space, which is resolved both in phenomenological terms and in terms of tectonic expressiveness. Finally, the identification of the connection between building the object and building the space, which summarizes Riva’s ability, carried through the making, to always keep together, interdependent, the attention to spatial quality and the attention to construction.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Costruire l'oggetto, costruire lo spazio. Cinque progetti emblematici di Umberto Riva
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