This thesis focuses on the study and deployment of real-time Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) estimation methods. AoA estimation is a localization approach that exploits the propagation properties of radio signals. The classical techniques for localization are analyzed, with a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. The methods for performing AoA estimation and their potential hardware implementation in specialized hardware architectures are presented. Phase interferometry is introduced as a lightweight way to estimate AoAs. A method for estimating AoA using an approach inspired by I/Q coherent demodulation is detailed, including in the presence of multiple sources. Phase integrity issues are also addressed, with the proposal of a method for unbiasing the final estimation results in the presence of mutual coupling and realization artifacts. The core of this work is the proposal of a novel digital architecture for real-time AoA estimation based on phase interferometry performed entirely in hardware. The prototype of this architecture was synthesized on a FPGA and used as the foundation for a coarse positioning system based on the AoA estimation of signals of opportunity from Low-Earth Orbit satellites.
Questa tesi si concentra sullo studio e l’implementazione di metodi di stima dell’Angolo di Arrivo (AoA) in tempo reale. La stima AoA è un approccio di localizzazione che sfrutta le proprietà di propagazione dei segnali radio. Vengono analizzate le tecniche classiche per la localizzazione, con un confronto dei loro vantaggi e svantaggi. Vengono presentati i metodi per eseguire la stima AoA e la loro potenziale implementazione hardware in architetture hardware specializzate. L’interferometria di fase viene introdotta come un metodo a basso impatto in termini di risorse per stimare gli AoA. Viene descritto un metodo per stimare l’AoA utilizzando un approccio ispirato alla demodulazione coerente I/Q, anche in presenza di sorgenti multiple. Vengono affrontati anche i problemi di integrità di fase, con la proposta di un metodo per depurare i risultati finali della stima nel caso sia presente mutuo accopiamento tra gli elementi radianti e artefatti di realizzazione circuitali. Il nucleo di questo lavoro è la proposta di una nuova architettura digitale per la stima AoA in tempo reale basata sull’interferometria di fase eseguita interamente in hardware. Il prototipo di questa architettura è stato sintetizzato su un FPGA ed è stato utilizzato come base per un sistema di posizionamento coarse basato sulla stima AoA dei segnali delle opportunità dai satelliti in orbita terrestre bassa (LEO).
Real-Time Angle-of-Arrival Estimation through phase interferometry: theory, techniques, applications, and hardware implementation / Florio, Antonello. - ELETTRONICO. - (2023). [10.60576/poliba/iris/florio-antonello_phd2023]
Real-Time Angle-of-Arrival Estimation through phase interferometry: theory, techniques, applications, and hardware implementation
Florio, Antonello
2023-01-01
Abstract
This thesis focuses on the study and deployment of real-time Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) estimation methods. AoA estimation is a localization approach that exploits the propagation properties of radio signals. The classical techniques for localization are analyzed, with a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. The methods for performing AoA estimation and their potential hardware implementation in specialized hardware architectures are presented. Phase interferometry is introduced as a lightweight way to estimate AoAs. A method for estimating AoA using an approach inspired by I/Q coherent demodulation is detailed, including in the presence of multiple sources. Phase integrity issues are also addressed, with the proposal of a method for unbiasing the final estimation results in the presence of mutual coupling and realization artifacts. The core of this work is the proposal of a novel digital architecture for real-time AoA estimation based on phase interferometry performed entirely in hardware. The prototype of this architecture was synthesized on a FPGA and used as the foundation for a coarse positioning system based on the AoA estimation of signals of opportunity from Low-Earth Orbit satellites.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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