The Earth’s surface bears the imprint of water, and around water every civilisation arises and flourishes: from the earliest forms of settlement, the need to capture, channel and collect water has led humankind to construct structures in close harmony with natural forms, interpreting the characteristics of each geographical environment. Adopting an ‘archaeological’ perspective – intended as a search for the ‘arché’ of forms – this thesis investigates the relationship between water architecture and geography, assuming water as a morphogenetic and formative principle of inhabiting and questioning the link between the principle of form and the technical aspect. Viewed through this lens, the natural forms reveal water as an agent that, through its flow, shapes the physiognomy of the Earth: however the formative process occurs, whether through accretion or erosion, its hidden imprint is contained within these forms, like the void in a cast or the black of a photographic negative. Through mythopoetic tension, humankind has interpreted the places of water as ‘geophanies’, attributing to them perspectives of meaning that were partly rooted in physical reality and partly the product of invention. Thus, since ancient times, a dialectical relationship has been established between the agency of nature – which shapes places without any premeditated aesthetic purpose – and the inhabitants of the Earth, who construct architecture that establishes a relationship of ‘resonance’ with the geographical substrate. The direct relationship between hydric works and natural morphology extends the meaning of ‘water architecture’ to the broader one of ‘soil architecture’. This bond has ancient origins, evidenced in the Mediterranean by numerous examples of structures built in harmony with the morphological and spatial potential implicitly offered by the orographic substrate, in which instrumental considerations are closely intertwined with the desire to confer a ‘transcendent’ meaning to water. Through the coherence and intrinsic economy that characterise them, in both settlement choices and construction methods, ancient water architecture attests to the care with which past civilisations sought to negotiate their relationship with the physical environment in an effective and enduring manner, grounded in a detailed understanding of natural heritage. Over the centuries, this set of measures has made it possible to shape the ‘lithic forms of water’ in close harmony with natural forms, giving rise to infrastructures that enhance the singularity of each geographical environment and ensure the long-term existence of delicate systems, without renouncing to attribute an ‘aura’ to the water element. Analysing the relationship between water architecture and geography provides an opportunity to reflect on the conditioning role of the technical aspect, reaffirming the centrality of constructive thought. The dimension of construction makes it possible to observe these structures beyond the marks of time, transcending the contingent and ephemeral nature of expressive trends, rediscovering, in the essentiality of form, a more stable frame of reference based on relationships and actions that do not change over time. The persistence of certain archetypal formal themes is examined through the construction of an Atlas of Water Architectures: this device, through an analogical process, for each action of water juxtaposes forms that are very distant in space and time, within a supra-historical perspective of meaning and interpretation that reveals how, in the past as well as in the modern era, a mythopoietic tension has continuously ‘animated’ water architecture. Building on these premises, and taking the relationship between Earth and Water as a point of view, the thesis, in its central part, develops a comparative study of three works by Italian architects on three paradigmatic sites of the ancient world, all situated along the Tyrrhenian ridge of central-southern Italy, a territory in which the relationship between water, soil and settlements is particularly evident and significant: Renato Rizzi’s design for the north-western ‘limes’ of Tivoli (2018), Luigi Franciosini’s design for the Cisterna delle Sette Sale on the Colle Oppio in Rome (2022), and Francesco Venezia’s design for the Belvedere di San Leucio in Caserta (1984). The creative processes and architectural devices of these three works reflect the same mythopoetic tension that animates the architectures discussed above: by responding to the ‘invitation’ offered by the places – and thus acknowledging the formal structures that precede them – the three works are comparable in terms of their compositional techniques with those of antiquity. The three projects are named after three categories of invention – symbolic restitution, narrative unity and allegorical exegesis – which emerge not only from a formal and morphological reading of the works but also from each artist’s affinity with philosophical and literary disciplines, in accordance with their stated ‘elective affinities’. The formal analysis of the works, carried out with the aid of critical redesign, highlights how, in all three projects, water serves as the narrative and organising principle that restores unity and physical continuity to the episodic presence of antiquity, guiding the tone and pathos of the project. At the same time, the staging of water’s becoming is the means by which the value of the Earth’s form resonates within the architecture, borrowing the expressive richness of water’s movements to enhance and represent the topographical characteristics of the sites. In this way, through the essentiality of gesture and form – achieved by reducing elements to the elementary morphemes typical of the construction dimension – the three projects, engaging in dialogue with sites ‘animated’ by water and with hydraulic architecture from another era, propose a ‘con-temporary’ form – in the sense of ‘belonging to multiple times’ – by employing different methods to echo the ancient form. The comparative reading of these three works provides insight into certain key aspects that define the identity of the architectural culture that emerged in 20th-century Italy, as expressed through a wide range of authors. The thesis therefore explores the originality of the ‘Italian perspective’ on architectural form, analysed through the lens of three ideas that shaped Italian theoretical reflection in the twentieth century within a poetic framework: memory, analogy and anachronism. Through these three themes, the thesis puts into perspective a particular cultural hallmark that distinguishes Italian research into form, advancing the hypothesis that within Italian architectural culture there exists an approach which, even in our own time, proposes a mythopoetic dimension of forms. In the end, in the context of the climate crisis and the gradual divergence between water architecture and the human living environment, taking as a starting point – through the three projects analysed – the reflections on these themes generated by 20th-century Italian architectural theory, this thesis calls for a return to a situated understanding of environmental systems, recognising water as an archetypal principle through which to rethink design as a practice of care, capable of restoring harmony between humans and their living environment.
Nelle forme della Terra si cela sempre l’impronta dell’acqua, e attorno all’acqua nasce e fiorisce ogni civiltà: fin dalle prime forme di insediamento, la necessità di captare, condurre e raccogliere l’acqua ha indotto l’uomo a costruire architetture in stretta risonanza con le forme naturali, capaci di interpretare le vocazioni di ciascun ambiente geografico e garantire per secoli l’esistenza di sistemi delicati. Adottando uno sguardo archeologico – inteso come ricerca dell’arché delle forme – la tesi indaga il rapporto tra architetture idriche e geografia, assumendo l’acqua come principio morfogenetico e fondativo dell’abitare e interrogando il nesso tra principio sorgivo della forma e momento tecnico. Osservare le forme della natura attraverso una lente archeologica permette di riconoscere nell’acqua un agente morfogenetico capace di segnare, attraverso il suo scorrere, la fisionomia della Terra, svelando come – in qualsiasi modo avvenga il processo di modellazione, che sia di accrescimento o di erosione – nelle forme della natura si celi sempre l’impronta dell’acqua, come il vuoto in un calco o il nero in un negativo fotografico. Attraverso la tensione mitopoietica, gli uomini hanno letto nelle forme della natura delle vere e proprie geofanie, riconoscendovi delle prospettive di significato in parte corrispondenti alla realtà, e in parte di loro invenzione: così, fin dall’antichità, si è istituita una relazione dialettica tra le azioni della natura – che conforma i luoghi senza una premeditata finalità estetica – e gli abitanti della Terra, costruendo architetture che stabiliscono un rapporto di risonanza con il sostrato geografico. Il rapporto diretto tra opere idriche e morfologia naturale permette di estendere il significato delle architetture dell’acqua a quello più generale di ‘architetture del suolo’. Questo rapporto ha un’origine antica, testimoniata nel Mediterraneo da numerosi esempi di opere costruite in simbiosi con le potenzialità morfologiche e spaziali implicitamente offerte dal sostrato orografico, in cui, inoltre, a ragioni di natura strumentale è strettamente intrecciata la volontà di attribuire all’acqua un significato trascendente. Nella coerenza ed economia intrinseca che le caratterizza, tanto nelle logiche insediative quanto in quelle costruttive, le architetture dell’acqua dell’antichità testimoniano la cura con cui le civiltà del passato cercavano di risolvere in modo efficace e duraturo il dialogo con il proprio contesto fisico, attraverso una conoscenza puntuale del patrimonio naturale. Questo complesso di accorgimenti ha consentito, nel corso dei secoli, di modellare le forme litiche dell’acqua in stretta relazione con le forme naturali, determinando infrastrutture capaci di esaltare le singolarità di ciascun ambiente geografico e garantire per secoli l’esistenza di sistemi delicati, senza per questo rinunciare all’attribuzione di un’aura all’elemento liquido. Analizzare il rapporto tra architetture dell’acqua e geografia nell’ambito di un pensiero mitopoietico permette di riflettere sul valore condizionante e qualificante del momento tecnico, riaffermando la centralità del pensiero costruttivo. La dimensione della costruzione consente di osservare queste architetture spogliandole della segnatura del tempo, superando la natura contingente ed effimera delle tendenze espressive, per riscoprire nell’essenzialità della forma un sistema di riferimento più stabile e ampio, perché fondato su rapporti ed azioni che non mutano nel corso del tempo. La persistenza di alcuni motivi formali archetipici è osservata attraverso la costruzione di un Atlante delle architetture dell’acqua: attraverso un procedimento analogico, per ciascuna azione dell’acqua l’Atlante accosta forme molto lontane nello spazio e nel tempo, in una prospettiva di significazione e di lettura sovrastorica che permette di osservare come da sempre, e anche nella modernità, in riferimento alle architetture dell’acqua agisca una tensione mitopoietica. A partire da queste premesse, e dopo aver assunto come lente di osservazione il rapporto tra Terra e Acqua, la tesi sviluppa lo studio a confronto di tre opere di architetti italiani su tre luoghi paradigmatici del mondo antico, tutti situati lungo la dosale tirrenica dell’Italia centro-meridionale – un territorio dove il rapporto tra acqua, suolo e insediamenti è particolarmente evidente e significativo: : il progetto di Renato Rizzi per il fronte nord-occidentale del borgo di Tivoli (2018), il progetto di Luigi Franciosini per la Cisterna delle Sette Sale sul colle Oppio a Roma (2022), e il progetto di Francesco Venezia per il Belvedere di San Leucio a Caserta (1984). I processi inventivi e i dispositivi architettonici delle tre opere riflettono la medesima tensione mitopoietica che ha animato la formatività delle architetture descritte nella parte precedente: aderendo all’invito offerto dai luoghi, e quindi al riconoscimento delle strutture formali che li precedono, i tre lavori risultano paragonabili sul piano delle tecniche del comporre con l’antico. I casi studio sono nominati secondo tre categorie di invenzione – restituzione simbolica, unità della narrazione ed esegesi allegorica – che emergono dalla lettura formale e morfologica delle opere ma anche dalla vicinanza di ciascun autore alla disciplina filosofica e letteraria, secondo dichiarate ‘affinità elettive’. La lettura formale delle opere, condotta con il supporto del ridisegno critico, consente di mettere in luce come, nei tre progetti, l’acqua sia il principio narrativo e ordinatore che restituisce unità e continuità fisica alla presenza episodica dell’antico, guidando il tono e il pathos del progetto. Al contempo, la messa in scena del divenire dell’acqua è il mezzo per far risuonare nell’architettura il valore della forma della Terra, mutuando la ricchezza espressiva dei movimenti dell’acqua per esaltare e mettere in rappresentazione i caratteri orografici dei luoghi. In questo modo, attraverso l’essenzialità del gesto e della forma, ottenuta grazie alla riduzione a morfemi elementari tipici della dimensione della costruzione, i tre progetti, colloquiando con luoghi ‘animati’ dall’acqua e con architetture idriche provenienti da un altro tempo, attraverso metodi diversi di far risuonare la forma antica, propongono una forma con-temporanea nel significato di “partecipe di più tempi”. La lettura comparata delle tre opere consente di mettere in luce alcune questioni segnatrici dell’identità della cultura architettonica che si produce nel Novecento in Italia, secondo un’ampia articolazione autoriale. Il contributo della tesi si sviluppa, quindi, approfondendo l’originalità dello ‘sguardo italiano’ verso la forma architettonica, analizzata attraverso il portato di tre idee che hanno segnato la riflessione teorica italiana nel Novecento nell’ambito di un pensiero poetante: memoria, analogia e anacronia. Attraverso queste tre voci, la tesi mette in prospettiva una particolare segnatura culturale che contraddistingue la ricerca italiana sulla forma, avanzando l’ipotesi che nella cultura architettonica italiana esista una modalità che, anche nel nostro tempo, propone una dimensione mitopoietica della forma. In conclusione, sullo sfondo della crisi climatica e della progressiva perdita di relazione tra architetture idriche e abitare, ripartendo, attraverso i tre progetti analizzati, dalla riflessione prodotta su questi temi dalla teoria dell’architettura italiana nel Novecento, la tesi propone un ritorno a una conoscenza situata dei sistemi ambientali, riconoscendo nell’acqua un principio archetipico attraverso cui ripensare il progetto come pratica di cura, capace di ristabilire una armonia tra l’uomo e il suo ambiente di vita.
Le forme litiche dell'acqua. Per una archeologia delle architetture idriche / Flaviani, L.. - ELETTRONICO. - (2026).
Le forme litiche dell'acqua. Per una archeologia delle architetture idriche
Flaviani, Linda
2026
Abstract
The Earth’s surface bears the imprint of water, and around water every civilisation arises and flourishes: from the earliest forms of settlement, the need to capture, channel and collect water has led humankind to construct structures in close harmony with natural forms, interpreting the characteristics of each geographical environment. Adopting an ‘archaeological’ perspective – intended as a search for the ‘arché’ of forms – this thesis investigates the relationship between water architecture and geography, assuming water as a morphogenetic and formative principle of inhabiting and questioning the link between the principle of form and the technical aspect. Viewed through this lens, the natural forms reveal water as an agent that, through its flow, shapes the physiognomy of the Earth: however the formative process occurs, whether through accretion or erosion, its hidden imprint is contained within these forms, like the void in a cast or the black of a photographic negative. Through mythopoetic tension, humankind has interpreted the places of water as ‘geophanies’, attributing to them perspectives of meaning that were partly rooted in physical reality and partly the product of invention. Thus, since ancient times, a dialectical relationship has been established between the agency of nature – which shapes places without any premeditated aesthetic purpose – and the inhabitants of the Earth, who construct architecture that establishes a relationship of ‘resonance’ with the geographical substrate. The direct relationship between hydric works and natural morphology extends the meaning of ‘water architecture’ to the broader one of ‘soil architecture’. This bond has ancient origins, evidenced in the Mediterranean by numerous examples of structures built in harmony with the morphological and spatial potential implicitly offered by the orographic substrate, in which instrumental considerations are closely intertwined with the desire to confer a ‘transcendent’ meaning to water. Through the coherence and intrinsic economy that characterise them, in both settlement choices and construction methods, ancient water architecture attests to the care with which past civilisations sought to negotiate their relationship with the physical environment in an effective and enduring manner, grounded in a detailed understanding of natural heritage. Over the centuries, this set of measures has made it possible to shape the ‘lithic forms of water’ in close harmony with natural forms, giving rise to infrastructures that enhance the singularity of each geographical environment and ensure the long-term existence of delicate systems, without renouncing to attribute an ‘aura’ to the water element. Analysing the relationship between water architecture and geography provides an opportunity to reflect on the conditioning role of the technical aspect, reaffirming the centrality of constructive thought. The dimension of construction makes it possible to observe these structures beyond the marks of time, transcending the contingent and ephemeral nature of expressive trends, rediscovering, in the essentiality of form, a more stable frame of reference based on relationships and actions that do not change over time. The persistence of certain archetypal formal themes is examined through the construction of an Atlas of Water Architectures: this device, through an analogical process, for each action of water juxtaposes forms that are very distant in space and time, within a supra-historical perspective of meaning and interpretation that reveals how, in the past as well as in the modern era, a mythopoietic tension has continuously ‘animated’ water architecture. Building on these premises, and taking the relationship between Earth and Water as a point of view, the thesis, in its central part, develops a comparative study of three works by Italian architects on three paradigmatic sites of the ancient world, all situated along the Tyrrhenian ridge of central-southern Italy, a territory in which the relationship between water, soil and settlements is particularly evident and significant: Renato Rizzi’s design for the north-western ‘limes’ of Tivoli (2018), Luigi Franciosini’s design for the Cisterna delle Sette Sale on the Colle Oppio in Rome (2022), and Francesco Venezia’s design for the Belvedere di San Leucio in Caserta (1984). The creative processes and architectural devices of these three works reflect the same mythopoetic tension that animates the architectures discussed above: by responding to the ‘invitation’ offered by the places – and thus acknowledging the formal structures that precede them – the three works are comparable in terms of their compositional techniques with those of antiquity. The three projects are named after three categories of invention – symbolic restitution, narrative unity and allegorical exegesis – which emerge not only from a formal and morphological reading of the works but also from each artist’s affinity with philosophical and literary disciplines, in accordance with their stated ‘elective affinities’. The formal analysis of the works, carried out with the aid of critical redesign, highlights how, in all three projects, water serves as the narrative and organising principle that restores unity and physical continuity to the episodic presence of antiquity, guiding the tone and pathos of the project. At the same time, the staging of water’s becoming is the means by which the value of the Earth’s form resonates within the architecture, borrowing the expressive richness of water’s movements to enhance and represent the topographical characteristics of the sites. In this way, through the essentiality of gesture and form – achieved by reducing elements to the elementary morphemes typical of the construction dimension – the three projects, engaging in dialogue with sites ‘animated’ by water and with hydraulic architecture from another era, propose a ‘con-temporary’ form – in the sense of ‘belonging to multiple times’ – by employing different methods to echo the ancient form. The comparative reading of these three works provides insight into certain key aspects that define the identity of the architectural culture that emerged in 20th-century Italy, as expressed through a wide range of authors. The thesis therefore explores the originality of the ‘Italian perspective’ on architectural form, analysed through the lens of three ideas that shaped Italian theoretical reflection in the twentieth century within a poetic framework: memory, analogy and anachronism. Through these three themes, the thesis puts into perspective a particular cultural hallmark that distinguishes Italian research into form, advancing the hypothesis that within Italian architectural culture there exists an approach which, even in our own time, proposes a mythopoetic dimension of forms. In the end, in the context of the climate crisis and the gradual divergence between water architecture and the human living environment, taking as a starting point – through the three projects analysed – the reflections on these themes generated by 20th-century Italian architectural theory, this thesis calls for a return to a situated understanding of environmental systems, recognising water as an archetypal principle through which to rethink design as a practice of care, capable of restoring harmony between humans and their living environment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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